Teacher Simoonga

GOOD EVENING LADIES AND GENTLEMEN. TONIGHT ON BIOLOGY BENCH YOU ARE WITH ME MR SIMOONGA.
Therefore, today we are looking at Other Cellular Component of Blood, a continuation from where we ended last time.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS.
The White Blood Cells are also known as Leucocyte.
- These cells are irregular in shape and they can easily change their shape as they can move their cytoplasm like an amoeba.
-They have the ability to pass out of the blood capillaries by squeezing themselves between the cells of the capillary walls.
-They are second numerous blood cells.
-Their Numbers increase greatly during an infection.
-The white blood cells have a lifespan of about 12-21days and they are formed in the bone marrow of the long bone and lymph nodes.
FUNCTION OF LEUCOCYTE
- The main function of the white blood cells is defend the body against diseases and they do this by destroying bacteria and other pathogens.They engulf and digest the invading bacteria and damaged tissues, hence preventing the spread of harmful bacteria and accelerate the healing of the infected region.
- The Leucocyte does this producing the Antibodies which cause the bacteria to clump together to prevent reproduction of bacteria.
-The release of immature leucocyte cells into the blood cause a clinical condition called Leukemia and the overproduction of immature leucocyte results into formation of few red blood cells.
-The number of leucocyte in the body are greatly reduced by diseases like HIV/AIDS in humans.
PLATELETS
-Platelets are fragments of other cells.
-They are formed from pieces of cytoplasm pinched off large cells that are in the bone marrow.
-They are about 250,000 per milimeter of blood and are small and irregular in shape.
-They are non-nucleated cells.
-They have a lifespan of 5-9 days.
FUNCTION OF PLATELETS
-The main function of the platelets is to prevent the loss of blood through blood clotting.
-Platelets do this by clumping together at the site of injury.
Look out for the next lesson on the clotting process.
Please Tag any personal sitting for GCE Biology or Integrated Science exam this year.
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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Explanations( #3)
Sindinda E.S

A female's internal reproductive organs are the va**na, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

The va**na is a muscular, hollow tube that extends from the va**nal opening to the uterus. The va**na is about 3 to 5 inches (8 to 12 centimeters) long in a grown woman. Because it has muscular walls it can expand and contract. This ability to become wider or narrower allows the va**na to accommodate something as slim as a tampon and as wide as a baby. The va**na's muscular walls are lined with mucous membranes, which keep it protected and moist. The va**na has several functions: for s*xual in*******se, as the pathway that a baby takes out of a woman's body during childbirth, and as the route for the menstrual blood (the period) to leave the body from the uterus.

A very thin piece of skin-like tissue called the h***n partly covers the opening of the va**na. Hymens are often different from person to person. Most women find their h***ns have stretched or torn after their first s*xual experience, and the h***n may bleed a little (this usually causes little, if any, pain). Some women who have had s*x don't have much of a change in their h***ns, though.

The va**na connects with the uterus, or womb, at the cervix. The cervix has strong, thick walls. The opening of the cervix is very small (no wider than a straw), which is why a tampon can never get lost inside a girl's body. During childbirth, the cervix can expand to allow a baby to pass.

The uterus is shaped like an upside-down pear, with a thick lining and muscular walls — in fact, the uterus contains some of the strongest muscles in the female body. These muscles are able to expand and contract to accommodate a growing fetus and then help push the baby out during labor. When a woman isn't pregnant, the uterus is only about 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) long and 2 inches (5 centimeters) wide.

At the upper corners of the uterus, the fallopian tubes connect the uterus to the ovaries. The ovaries are two oval-shaped organs that lie to the upper right and left of the uterus. They produce, store, and release eggs into the fallopian tubes in the process called ovulation. Each o***y measures about 1½ to 2 inches (4 to 5 centimeters) in a grown woman.

There are two fallopian tubes, each attached to a side of the uterus. The fallopian tubes are about 4 inches (10 centimeters) long and about as wide as a piece of spaghetti. Within each tube is a tiny passageway no wider than a sewing needle. At the other end of each fallopian tube is a fringed area that looks like a funnel. This fringed area wraps around the o***y but doesn't completely attach to it. When an egg pops out of an o***y, it enters the fallopian tube. Once the egg is in the fallopian tube, tiny hairs in the tube's lining help push it down the narrow passageway toward the uterus.

The ovaries are also part of the endocrine system because they produce female s*x hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.And testosterone for male s*x hormones

TEACHER SIMOONGA WISHES TO WELCOME YOU ALL TO SCIENCE BENCH.
TOPIC: BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
OUTCOMES:
By the end of this topic L.S to
- Discuss the components of blood
- Discuss the functions of each component of blood
- State the function of the Heart in circulatory system
- Explain how blood is pumped by the heart
- Identify the vessels that transport blood around the body.
INTRODUCTION
BLOOD CURCULATION is a well defined transportation system of food substances around the body using the free flow of blood in animals.
For you to understand this to very well we are going to break the topic in three part that shall help us to concentrate on one part at a time and these three parts include: Blood, The Heart and Blood Vessels.
BLOOD
Blood Can be defined as the liquid tissue which consist of cells suspended in the fluid called Plasma.
Therefore, blood can be divided into two parts which are solid and liquid part of blood.
The liquid part of blood is called Blood Plasma while the Solid part of blood is called Blood Cells.
THE BLOOD CELLS
There are three types of blood cells found in blood and these are White Blood Cells, Red Blood Cells and Platelet Cells.
BLOOD PLASMA AND IT'S FUNCTIONS
Blood Plasma is a pale yellowish fluid which consist of about 90% water with all disolved substances such as Glucose, Amino acids, Mineral Salts, Vitamins, Hormones, Antibodies, Antigens, Lipids etc.
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD PLASMA
-Transport the solid part of blood (blood cells)
-Transport Hormones
-Transport food Substances
-Transport Antibodies
- Transport waste substances to excretory organs
RED BLOOD CELLS
The Red blood cells are the most numerous blood cells in the Blood of Animals. There are about 5 million R.B.C in 3 cm3 of blood in a normal person. It is these red blood cells that gives blood it's colour of red.
FUNCTIONS OF RED BLOOD CELLS
The function of red blood cells is to transport Oxygen from the Lungs to Cell or Tissues where oxygen is needed for oxidation of food substances.
This happens when oxygen combines with Haemoglobin a substance found in red blood cells to form Oxyhaemoglobin and at this stage the blood is said to be OXYGENATED.
The Red blood also transport about 30% of Carbon dioxide from Cells or Tissues to the Lungs where it is released to the atmosphere through the nose or mouth.
Red Blood Cells can also be called as ERYTHROCYTES
Today We are Going To End Here and next Time We Shall Look at White Blood Cells and

WELCOME TO BIOLOGY BENCH WITH TEACHER SIMOONGA O.
TODAY WE ARE LOOKING AT ECOLOGY.
The word ecology came from a Greek word OIKOS which means "place or house".
Therefore ecology can be defined as the study of living and non living organism in relation to their environment.
In ecology living organisms can also be called Biotic while non living organisms can be called as Abiotic.
The place where an organism live in an environment is called Habitat.
There are two type of Habitat where organism can live according to Biology and these include Terrestrial and Aquatic habitat.
Terrestrial Habitat: This is a type habitat found on land while Aquatic habitat is the type of habitat found in water.
In an ecosystem, the ecologists believe that every organism have a role to play in an ecosystem within there habitats and this role is called an Ecological Niche.
Because of ecological niche, organisms in an ecosystem does not live in isolation but depend on each other as a source of energy hence it is very important to protect all organisms in every environment because they are all useful in an ecosystem.
For today let's end here. see U tomorrow for more detailed discussion.