Native Concepts

Boarding schools

"When u were told not to speak ur own language"🤔💪🏽🪶🤨 If there was too many omg stories about boarding schools back then.🤕😮‍💨🫡

People remember the 7th calvary lost badly at Custer's Last Stand and were defeated by the Sioux Nation, but there was another tribe at that battle, the Cheyenne Nation who were their allies. This is a list of some of the Cheyenne warrior who were also there that day.

American Horse -
Son of Sitting Bear, brother of the
Cheyenne headman Tangle Hair.
Black Bear -
was a warrior killed in hand to hand fighting with Custer's troops, one of 7 Cheyenne killed in the
Battle of the Little Bighorn.
Black Coyote -
a Northern Cheyenne warrior, who fought at the Battle was later captured by soldiers in 1878, and committed su***de in prison.
His wife, Buffalo Calf Road Woman, rescued her wounded brother on the battlefield,
Chief Comes in Sight, in Crook's fight on
the Rosebud June 17th.
The Cheyenne named this battle
"Where the girl saved her brother".
Buffalo Calf Road Woman fought beside her husband in the Custer fight 8 days later, and afterward
was renamed Brave Woman.
Bobtail Horse -
who was an Elkhorn Scraper Society warrior, one of the first three Cheyenne to cross the river to meet Custer at Little Big Horn.
Brave Bear -
a Southern Cheyenne warrior, possibly the one who killed Custer.
Buffalo Calf -
Dog Society warrior, one of the first three Cheyenne warriors to cross the river to meet Custer at Little Bighorn.
Bull Bear -
Chief of the Dog Soldiers, from a northern band of Southern Cheyenne; fought with bow & arrows in Gall's charge up Medicine Tail Coulee.
Comes in Sight -
Northern Cheyenne Chief; had been rescued by his sister, Buffalo Calf Road Woman, at Crook's fight on the Rosebud after his horse was shot from under him. He was one of 5 Indians who charged in among the soldiers early in the fight.
Crazy Head -
3rd ranking Cheyenne at the Battle of the Little Big Horn. He was the son of a Cheyenne father and a Crow mother.
Cut Belly -
A warrior badly wounded in the Little Big Horn battle. Cut Belly died a few days later - the last of 7 Cheyenne to die from the Custer fight.
Chief Dull Knife - (a.k.a. Morning Star)
A principle Cheyenne chief. He once killed a grizzly bear
with a knife.
Flat Iron -
In 1915 he was the last surviving Cheyenne Chief who was at the Custer fight at the Little Big Horn.
High Bear -
Northern Cheyenne. He captured the roster book of a 1st sargeant in the Custer fight and filled it with drawings of scenes from the battle.
Chief Lame White Man -
Warrior Chief of the Southern Cheyenne, one of 7 Cheyenne killed in fighting with Custer's troops at the age of 38. Lame White Man was in the sweat lodge of Tall Sioux when Reno attacked, and first helped his wife Twin Woman, his son Red Hat and his daughter Crane Woman escape the village. He was wearing a blue coat he found tied to a captured saddle, when he was shot by a Sioux who mistook him for an army scout.
Chief Little Wolf -
was a principal Northern Cheyenne Chief (1820 – 1904). He was known as a great military tactician and led a dramatic escape from confinement in Oklahoma back to the Northern Cheyenne homeland in 1878.
Mad Wolf -
Northern Cheyenne; born 1825, died 1905; one of the bravest and wisest men in the tribe; he rode with White Shield to meet Custer's troops.
Medicine Bear
Fought at the Battle of the Little Big Horn. He said that Custer was killed early in the fight, with Keogh's troops, and that his body was found back of the ridge, 100 feet or more from where the monument now stands.
Noisy Walking -
A warrior who fought at the Battle at age 18. Noisy Walking was shot 3 times and stabbed, in hand to hand fighting, during the first charge among Custer's troops nearest the river, he died of wounds the night after the battle.
Oevemana -
Among the few Cheyenne present early in the Reno fight and one of the bravest; he tested his spirit power by riding back & forth 5 times in front of Reno's skirmish line, drawing the soldiers fire, but was never hit.
Red Armed Panther is pictured.

The Mystery of Type O Blood: America's Ancestral Code

Between the Andes Mountains, the dense jungles of the Amazon, and the vast deserts of North America, flows an enigma that connects indigenous peoples: type O blood. This blood type, devoid of A and B antigens, is not only humanity's oldest, but in the Americas it appears to be an almost universal common legacy, a biological echo of an ancient past.

In the 1980s, scientists were surprised to discover that 99% of the Navajo people of Arizona shared this blood type. Years later, in the high mountains of the Peruvian Andes, something even more shocking was documented: 100% of the Quechua community possessed type O blood! Similar stories are replicated in the Brazilian jungles, where 92% of the Yanomami share this trait, and in the indigenous communities of Oaxaca, Mexico, where it reaches an astonishing 98%.

What mystery lies behind this genetic uniformity? Is it the imprint of a mother civilization or an ancient adaptation to the environment? Type O blood is more than a trait; it's a living symbol of identity, a code that tells a story of resilience, unity, and connection through the centuries.

An enigma that continues to captivate both science and the collective imagination.
Thank you for reading one story of millions. ”

On August 1-2, 1832, U.S. Army regulars and militia slaughtered Sauk and Meskwaki men, women, and children along the Mississippi River near present-day Victory, Wisconsin. This massacre ended the Black Hawk War—a conflict sparked when Black Hawk's "British Band" of approximately 1,000 people attempted to reclaim lands ceded through a disputed 1804 treaty that sold 50 million acres for $2,234.50 and a $1,000 annual payment. After months of pursuit following Black Hawk's victory at Stillman's Run, the starving, exhausted band reached the Mississippi seeking escape.

The killing began August 1st when the steamboat *Warrior* opened fire on families attempting to cross the river, ignoring Black Hawk's white flag of surrender. A two-hour firefight killed 23 Native Americans, including a mother shot through her infant's arm. That night, Black Hawk and about 30 followers fled north, abandoning the remaining 400-500 people—mostly women, children, and elderly—on the riverbank.

At dawn on August 2nd, General Henry Atkinson's 1,300 well-fed, rested troops attacked. For eight hours, soldiers systematically killed everyone—combatants and non-combatants alike—shooting people in the water as they drowned, cutting off escape routes, and firing canister shot at those hiding on islands. Soldiers scalped most of the dead and carved strips of flesh from bodies for razor strops. Over 150 died at the scene; many who crossed the river were hunted down by U.S.-allied Sioux warriors, who delivered 68 scalps and 22 prisoners to authorities.

Major John Wakefield later described killing women and children as "mistakes," yet wrote he felt "gratitude and joy" for helping eliminate "merciless savages." Even participants recognized the slaughter's brutality—the steamboat captain was compared to Nero and Caligula. Of the 400-500 people at Bad Axe, most were killed outright or died shortly after. U.S. forces suffered five deaths and nineteen wounded. Black Hawk surrendered three weeks later. The war cost at least 70 American settlers and soldiers their lives, but hundreds from Black Hawk's band died—many from starvation, exposure, and systematic hunting by allied tribes.