Clinicology

**Epithelial ovarian cancer** is the **most common kind of ovarian cancer**. It starts in the **outer lining of the o***y**.

When doctors look at it under a microscope, they see that:

* The cancer cells **look very abnormal and disorganized** (this is what *anaplasia* means).
* These abnormal cells **grow into deeper layers of the o***y** instead of staying on the surface (this is *invasion into the stroma*).
* The tumor often forms **finger-like or frond-shaped growths** (*papillary formations*).
* The cells have **odd shapes and sizes**, showing they’re cancerous (*cellular atypia*).
* Sometimes there are **tiny round calcium deposits** called *psammoma bodies*.

**In short:** it’s a common ovarian cancer where surface cells become very abnormal, invade deeper tissue, form finger-like growths, and sometimes contain small calcium spots.

Penetrating chest injuries in the left fifth intercostal space, at the midclavicular line, are most likely to injure the left lung and the apex of the heart ( part of the left ventricle ).

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a venous thrombus (most commonly from deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb) lodges into the pulmonary vasculature. Large emboli, which occlude the pulmonary trunk, are known as Saddle emboli. these clots limit blood flow through the pulmonary circulation and cause filling defects on contrast chest CT.
Interventricular septal rupture, pulmonary hypertension, and papillary muscle rupture do not produce filling defects on imaging.
Key Takeaway:
Pulmonary embolisms can lodge in the pulmonary trunk and prevent its filling.

the trabeculated portions of the right and left atria are derived from the primitive atrium.