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Backing Up Your Data
Microsoft Windows 2000 provides a backup utility, called Backup, for creating backups on local and remote systems. You use Backup to archive files and folders, restore archived files and folders, access media pools reserved for Backup, access remote resources through My Network Places, create snapshots of the system state for backup and restore, schedule backups through the Task Scheduler, and create emergency repair disks.
Getting Started with the Backup Utility
You can access Backup in several different ways, including
In Computer Management, expand System Tools, and then in the console tree click System Information. The menu should be updated to include Tools. Click the Tools menu, choose Windows, and then select Backup.
Click the Start menu, and then click Run. In the Run dialog box, type ntbackup, and then click OK.
Click the Start menu, click Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Backup.
Figure 14-1 shows the main window for the Backup utility. As you can see, Backup has four tabs that provide easy access to key features. These tabs are
Welcome Introduces Backup and provides buttons for starting the Backup Wizard, the Restore Wizard, and the Emergency Repair Disk creation utility.
Backup Provides the main interface for selecting data to back up. You can back up data on local drives and mapped network drives.
Restore Provides the main interface for restoring archived data. You can restore data to the original location or to an alternate location anywhere on the network.
Figure 14-1: The Windows 2000 Backup utility provides a user-friendly interface for backup and restore.
Figure 14-1: The Windows 2000 Backup utility provides a user-friendly interface for backup and restore.
Schedule Jobs Provides a month-by-month job schedule for backups. You can view executed jobs as well as jobs scheduled for future dates.
You must have certain permissions and user rights to back up and restore files. Members of the Administrators and the Backup Operators groups have full authority to back up and restore any type of file, regardless of who owns the file and the permissions set on it. File owners and those that have been given control over files can also back up files, but only those that they own or those for which they have Read, Read and Execute, Modify, or Full Control permissions.
Note: Keep in mind that while local accounts can only work with local systems, domain accounts have domain-wide privileges. Therefore, a member of the local administrators group can only work with files on the local system, but a member of the domain administrators group could work with files throughout the domain.
Backup provides extensions for working with special types of data, including
System state data Includes essential system files needed to recover the local system. All computers have system state data, which must be backed up in addition to other files to restore a complete working system.
Exchange server data Includes the Exchange information store and data files. You must back up this data if you want to be able to recover Exchange server. Only systems running Microsoft Exchange Server have this type of data.
Removable Storage data Is stored in %SystemRoot%\System32\ Ntmsdata. If you back up this data, you can use the advanced restore option Restore Removable Storage Database to recover the Removable Storage configuration.
Remote Storage data Is stored in %SystemRoot%\System32\Remote-storage. If you back up this data, you can restore Remote Storage by copying the data back to this directory.
Setting Default Options for Backup
You create backups using the Backup utility's Backup tab or the Backup Wizard. Both techniques make use of default options set for the Backup utility. You can view or change the default options by clicking Tools, and then selecting Options. As Figure 14-2 shows, there are five categories of default options: General, Restore, Backup Type, Backup Log, and Exclude Files. Each of these option categories is examined in the sections that follow.
Figure 14-2: Setting default options for the Backup utility.
Figure 14-2: Setting default options for the Backup utility.
General Backup Options
General options control the default behavior of Backup. You can work with these options using the fields in the General tab of the Options dialog box. The available options are summarized in Table 14-3.
Table 14-3 General Backup Options
Option
Description
Compute Selection Information Before Backup And Restore Operations
Calculates the number of files and bytes involved prior to the backup/restore procedure. Otherwise, this data is calculated during the backup/restore procedure.
Use The Catalogs On The Media To Speed Up Building Restore Catalogs On Disk
Allows you to use archive logs on the media rather than scan the entire archive to determine what files are included. Clear this option if the catalog is missing, damaged, or otherwise unavailable.
Verify Data After The Backup Completes
Checks the archive data against the original data to ensure that the data is the same. If the data isn't the same, there may be a problem with the backup media and you should run the backup again using different media.
Back Up The Contents Of Mounted Drives
Allows you to back up data on mounted network drives. Otherwise, only the path information for mounted drives will be backed up.
Show Alert Message When I Start Backup And Removable Storage Is Not Running
Displays an alert if you start Backup and the Removable Storage service isn't running. It's a good option to use if you work with removable media.
Show Alert Message When I Start Backup And There Is Compatible Import Media Available
Displays an alert if you start Backup and there is new media available in the import media pool. It's useful if you work with removable media.
Show Alert Message When New Media Is Inserted Into Removable Storage
Displays an alert when Removable Storage detects new media. It's useful if you work with removable media.
Always Move New Import Media To Backup Pools
Allows Removable Storage to move new media to the backup media pool automatically. Select this option if you use Removable Storage and you want new media to be available to Backup.
Setting Restore and Backup Options
The list of general options is quite extensive but, for the most part, the list doesn't control the behavior of the actual backup or restore operation. Table 14-4 summarizes options for controlling backup and restore behavior. The first column shows the tab where the option is available. This is followed by option names and descriptions.
Table 14-4 Restore, Backup Type, and Backup Log Options
Tab
Option
Description
Restore
Do Not Replace The Files On My Computer (Recommended) Replace The File On Disk Only If the File On Disk Is Older Always Replace The File On My Computer
Select this option if you don't want to copy over existing files. Select this option to replace older files on disk with newer files from the backup. Select this option to replace all files on disk with files from the backup.
Backup Type
Default Backup Type
Select this option to set the default backup type. Available types are Normal, Copy, Differential, Incremental, and Daily.
Backup Log
Detailed Summary None
Select this option to log all operations, including the names of files. Select this option to log only key information and backup failure. Select this option to disable logging.
Viewing and Setting Backup Exclusions
Many types of system files are excluded from backups by default. You manage exclusions in the Options dialog box, which you access by selecting Options from the Tools menu in Backup.
Viewing exclusions In Backup you can view file exclusions by clicking the Exclude Files tab in the Options dialog box. File exclusions are based on file ownership and can be set for all users as well as the user currently logged on to the system (see Figure 14-3).
Creating exclusions To exclude additional files, follow these steps:
In the Options dialog box, choose the Exclude Files tab.
If you want to exclude files that are owned by any user, click Add New under the Files Excluded For All Users list. This displays the Add Excluded Files dialog box shown in Figure 14-4.
If you want to exclude only files that you own, click Add New under the Files Excluded For User Administrator list. This displays the Add Excluded Files dialog box.
You can exclude files by registered file type by clicking a file type in the Registered File Type list box. Or you can exclude files by custom file type by typing a period and then the file extension in the Custom File Mask box. For example, you could choose .DOC or type the customer type .WBK.
Enter a drive or file path in Applies To Path. Files will then be restricted from all subfolders of that path unless you clear the Applies To All Subfolders check box. For example, if you use C:\ and select Applies To All Subfolders, all files ending with the designated file extension are excluded wherever they occur on the C drive. Click OK.
Figure 14-3: Viewing existing file exclusions for users.
Figure 14-3: Viewing existing file exclusions for users.
Figure 14-4: Setting file exclusions for users.
Figure 14-4: Setting file exclusions for users.
Changing exclusions To change existing exclusions, follow these steps:
In the Options dialog box, choose the Exclude Files tab.
Select an existing exclusion you want to edit, and then click Edit. You can now edit the file exclusion.
Select an existing exclusion you want to remove, and then click Remove. The exclusion is removed. Click Apply when you're finished.
Backing Up Data with the Backup Wizard
The procedures you use to work with the Backup Wizard are similar to those you use to back up data manually. You start and work with the wizard by completing the following steps:
Start Backup. In the Welcome tab, click Backup Wizard, and then click Next.
Note: You can select files in the Backup tab and then start the Backup Wizard. If you do this, you'll be given the opportunity to back up the selected files only. Clicking Yes takes you directly to the dialog box. Clicking No clears the selected files and starts the wizard as usual.
Select what you want to back up. The options are
Back Up Everything On My Computer Back up all data on the computer, including the system state data.
Back Up Selected Files, Drives, Or Network Data Only back up data you select.
Only Back Up The System State Data Create a backup of the system state data.
Note: For Windows 2000 Professional and servers that aren't domain controllers, system state data includes essential boot and system files, the Windows registry, and the COM+ class registration database. For domain controllers, system state data includes Active Directory directory service data and files stored on the system volume (Sysvol) as well.
Click next. If you wanted to select data to back up, choose the items you want to back up:
You make selections by selecting or clearing the check boxes associated with a particular drive or folder. When you select a drive's check box, all the files and folders on the drive are selected. When you clear a drive's check box, all the files and folders on the drive are cleared.
If you want to work with individual files and folders on a drive, click the plus sign (+) to the right of the drive icon. You can now select and clear individual directories and files by clicking their associated check boxes. When you do this, the drive's check box shows a shaded checkmark. This indicates that you haven't selected all the files on the drive.
Click Next, and then select the Backup Media Type. Choose File if you want to back up to a file. Choose a storage device if you want to back up files and folders to a tape or removable disk.
Tip When you write backups to a file, the backup file normally has the .BKF file extension. However, you can use another file extension if you want. Also, keep in mind that Removable Storage is used to manage tapes and removable disks. If no media are available, you'll be prompted to allocate media to the Backup media pool. Follow the instructions given in the section of this chapter entitled "Managing Media Pools."
In Backup Media Or File Name, select the backup file or media you want to use. If you're backing up to a file, type a path and file name for the backup file or click Browse to find a file. If you're backing up to a tape or removable disk, choose the tape or disk you want to use.
Click Next. Click Advanced if you want to override default options or schedule the backup to be run as a job. Then follow steps 7–12. Otherwise, skip to step 13.
Select the type of backup to perform. The available types are Normal, Copy, Differential, Incremental, and Daily.
To back up data that has been designated for Remote Storage, select Backup Migrated Remote Storage Data. Placeholder files for Remote Storage are then archived with the backup, which ensures that you can recover an entire file system with necessary Remote Storage references intact.
You can now set these options for verification and compression:
Verify Data After Backup Instructs Backup to verify data after the backup procedure is completed. If selected, every file on the backup tape is compared to the original file. Verifying data can protect against write errors or failures.
Use Hardware Compression, If Available Allows Backup to compress data as it's written to the storage device. The option is only available if the device supports hardware compression, and only compatible drives can read the compressed information, which may mean that only a drive from the same manufacturer can recover the data.
Set options for copying data to the designated file, tape, or removable disk. To add the backup after existing data, select Append This Backup To The Media. To overwrite existing data, select Replace The Data On The Media With This Backup. If you're overwriting data, you can specify that only the owner and an administrator can access the archive file by selecting Allow Only The Owner And Administrator Access.
Next, type a backup label and a media label, if desired. The backup label applies to the current backup only. The media label sets the label for a tape or removable disk.
Note: The media label is only changed when you're writing to a blank tape or overwriting existing data.
Determine when the backup will run. Select Now to run the backup now or select Later to schedule the backup for a specific run date. If you want to schedule the backup for a later date, type and confirm your password when prompted. Afterward, type a job name, click Set Schedule, and then set a run schedule as explained in the section of Chapter 4 entitled "Scheduling Tasks."
Click Finish to start the backup using the default backup options. This starts the backup operation. You can cancel the backup by clicking Cancel in the Set Information and Backup Progress dialog boxes.
During backup operations, the Backup utility behaves differently depending on the type and status of a file. If a file is open, the utility generally attempts to back up the last saved version. If the file is locked by an exclusive lock, it isn't backed up at all. The utility also doesn't back up any files on the exclusion list and only backs up system state data if you've elected to do so.
When the backup is completed, click Close to complete the process or click Report to view the backup log.
Tip If you don't want to view the backup log now or if you scheduled backups for later, you can read the backup log later. Backup logs are written as ASCII text files and are stored in %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Microsoft\WindowsNT\ NTBackup\Data. To find the backup log you want to use, check the time/date stamp on the backup log file. Backup logs are named in the format backup # #.log, where backup01.log is the initial log created by Backup.
Backing Up Files Without the Wizard
You don't have to use a wizard to back up files. You can configure backups manually by completing the following steps:
Start Backup, and then click the Backup tab, shown in Figure 14-5.
Clear any existing selections in the Backup tab by selecting New from the Job menu and clicking Yes when prompted.
Choose the data you want to back up:
You make selections by selecting or clearing the check boxes associated with a particular drive or folder. When you select a drive's check box, all files and folders on the drive are selected. When you clear a drive's check box, all files and folders on the drive are cleared.
If you want to work with individual files and folders on a drive, click the plus sign (+) to the right of the drive icon. You can now select and clear individual directories and files by clicking their associated check boxes. When you do this, the drive's check box shows a shaded checkmark. This indicates that you haven't selected all the files on the drive.
Figure 14-5: Use the Backup tab to configure backups by hand, and then click Start Backup.
Figure 14-5: Use the Backup tab to configure backups by hand, and then click Start Backup.
If you want to back up system state data, select System State below the My Computer node. For Windows 2000 Professional and servers that aren't domain controllers, system state data includes essential boot and system files, the Windows registry, and the COM+ class registration database. For domain controllers, system state data includes Active Directory data and Sysvol files as well.
If you're backing up Microsoft Exchange server, be sure to select the Microsoft Exchange icon below the My Computer node. When you do this, you'll be prompted to type the Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name of the Microsoft Exchange server you want to backup, such as \\CorpMail.
Use the Backup Destination selection list to choose the media type for the backup. Choose File if you want to back up to a file. Choose a storage device if you want to back up files and folders to a tape or removable disk.
Tip When you write backups to a file, the backup file normally has the .BKF file extension. However, you can use another file extension if you want. Also, keep in mind that Removable Storage is used to manage tapes and removable disks. If no media are available, you'll be prompted to allocate media to the Backup media pool. Follow the instructions given in the section of this chapter entitled "Managing Media Pools."
In Backup Media Or File Name, select the backup file or media you want to use. If you're backing up to a file, type a path and file name for the backup file, or click Browse to find a file. If you're backing up to a tape or removable disk, choose the tape or disk you want to use.
In the Backup tab, click Start Backup. This displays the Backup Job Information dialog box shown in Figure 14-6. The options in this dialog box are used as follows:
Backup Description Sets the backup label, which applies to the current backup only.
Append This Backup To The Media Adds the backup after existing data.
Replace The Data On The Media With This Backup Over-writes existing data.
If The Media Is Overwritten, Use This Label To Identify The Media Sets the media label, which is only changed when you're writing to a blank tape or overwriting existing data.
Click Advanced if you want to override the default options. The advanced options are
Back Up Data That Is In Remote Storage Archives placeholder files for Remote Storage with the backup. This ensures that you can recover an entire file system with necessary Remote Storage references intact.
Verify Data After Backup Instructs Backup to verify data after the backup procedure is completed. If selected, every file on the backup tape is compared to the original file. Verifying data can protect against write errors or failures.
Figure 14-6: Use the Backup Job Information dialog box to configure backup options and information, as necessary, and then click Start Backup.
Figure 14-6: Use the Backup Job Information dialog box to configure backup options and information, as necessary, and then click Start Backup.
Caution: Backing up system protected files can substantially increase the size of the backup. With Windows 2000 Professional, this can add 200+ MB to the size of the backup. With Windows 2000 Server, this can add 700–1000 MB to the size of the backup.
If Possible, Compress Backup Data To Save Space Allows Backup to compress data as it's written to the storage device. This option is available only if the device supports hardware compression, and only compatible drives can read the compressed information, which may mean that only a drive from the same manufacturer can recover the data.
Automatically Back Up System Protected Files With The System State Backs up all the system files in the %SystemRoot% folder, in addition to the boot files that are included with the system state data.
Backup Type Indicates the type of backup to perform. The available types are Normal, Copy, Differential, Incremental, and Daily.
Click Schedule if you want to schedule the backup for a later date. When prompted to save the backup settings, click Yes. Next, type a name for the backup selection script, and then click Save. In the Scheduled Job Options dialog box, type a job name, click Properties, and then set a run schedule as explained in the section of Chapter 4 entitled "Scheduling Tasks." Skip the remaining steps.
Note: Backup selection scripts and backup logs are stored in %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Microsoft\WindowsNT\NTBackup\ Data. Backup selection scripts are saved with the .BKS extension. Backup logs are saved with the .LOG extension. You can view these files with any standard text editor.
Click Finish to start the backup using the default backup options. This starts the backup operation. You can cancel the backup by clicking Cancel in the Set Information and Backup Progress dialog boxes.
When the backup is completed, click Close to complete the process or click Report to view the backup log.
Recovering Data Using the Restore Wizard
You can restore files with the Windows 2000 Backup utility using the Restore Wizard or the Restore tab. To recover data with the Restore Wizard, follow these steps:
Make sure that the backup set you want to work with is loaded into the library system, if possible.
Start Backup. In the Welcome tab, click Restore Wizard, and then click Next.
Note: You can select files in the Restore tab and then start the Restore Wizard. If you do this, you'll be given the opportunity to restore the selected files only. Clicking Yes takes you directly to the dialog box shown in Figure 14-8. Clicking No clears the selected files and starts the wizard as usual.
As shown in Figure 14-7, you can now choose the data you want to restore. The left view displays files organized by volume. The right view displays media sets.
Select the check box next to any drive, folder, or file that you want to restore. If the media set you want to work with isn't shown, click Import File, and then type the path to the catalog for the backup.
To restore system state data, select the check box for System State as well as other data you want to restore. If you're restoring to the original location, the current system state will be replaced by the system state data you're restoring. If you restore to an alternate location, only the registry, Sysvol, and system boot files are restored. You can only restore system state data on a local system.
Tip By default, Active Directory and other replicated data, such as Sysvol, aren't restored on domain controllers. This information is instead replicated to the domain controller after you restart it, which prevents accidental overwriting of essential domain information. To learn how to restore Active Directory, see the "Restoring Active Directory" section of this chapter.
Figure 14-7: Select the files and folders to restore.
Figure 14-7: Select the files and folders to restore.
If you're restoring Microsoft Exchange, select the Microsoft Exchange data to restore. Before the restore starts, you'll see the Restoring Microsoft Exchange dialog box. If you're restoring the Information Store, type the UNC name of the Microsoft Exchange server you want to restore, such as \\CorpMail. If you're restoring to a different server, select Erase All Existing Data. This destroys all existing data and creates a new Information Store.
Click Next. Click Advanced if you want to override default options, and then follow steps 5–7. Otherwise, skip to step 8.
Select the restore location using one of the following options:
Original Location Restores data to the folder or files it was in when it was backed up.
Alternate Location Restores data to a folder that you designate, preserving the directory structure. After selecting this option, enter the folder path to use or click Browse to select the folder path.
Single Folder Restores all files to a single folder without preserving the directory structure. After selecting this option, enter the folder path to use or click Browse to select the folder path.
Tip If you aren't entirely sure that you want to overwrite the files in the original location, select Alternate Path, and then specify a new location for the files, such as C:\temp. Once the files are in the temp directory, you can compare them to the existing files and determine if you want to recover them. Keep in mind that you should always restore files backed up from Windows NT file system (NTFS) drives to NTFS drives. This ensures that the security permissions can be restored and that NTFS compression and encryption can be retained.
Specify how you want to restore files. The available options are
Do Not Replace The Files On My Computer (Recommended) Select this option if you don't want to copy over existing files.
Replace The File On Disk Only If the File On Disk Is Older Select this option to replace older files on disk with newer files from the backup.
Always Replace The File On My Computer Select this option to replace all the files on disk with files from the backup.
If they're available, you can choose to restore security and system files using the following options:
Restore Security Restores security settings for files and folders on NTFS volumes.
Restore Removable Storage Database Restores the Removable Storage configuration if you archived SystemRoot%\System32\ Ntmsdata. Choosing this option will delete existing Removable Storage information.
Restore Junction Points, Not The Folder And File Data They Reference Restores network drive mappings but doesn't restore the actual data to the mapped network drive. Essentially, you're restoring the folder that references the network drive.
Click Next, and then click Finish. If prompted, type the path and name of the backup set to use. You can cancel the backup by clicking Cancel in the Operation Status and Restore Progress dialog boxes.
When the restore is completed, click Close to complete the process or click Report to view a backup log containing information about the restore operation.
Recovering Data Without the Wizard
You don't have to use the Restore Wizard to recover data. You can recover archives manually by completing the following steps:
As necessary, load the backup set you want to work with in the library system.
Start Backup, and then click the Restore tab, shown in Figure 14-8.
Choose the data you want to restore. The left view displays files organized by volume. The right view displays media sets.
Select the check box next to any drive, folder, or file that you want to restore. If the media set you want to work with isn't shown, right-click File in the left view, select Catalog, then type the name and path of the catalog you want to use.
To restore system state data, select the check box for System State as well as other data you want to restore. If you're restoring to the original location, the current system state will be replaced by the system state data you're restoring. If you restore to an alternate location, only the registry, Sysvol, and system boot files are restored. You can only restore system state data on a local system.
Tip By default, Active Directory and other replicated data, such as Sysvol, aren't restored on domain controllers. Instead, this information is replicated to the domain controller after you restart it, which prevents accidental overwriting of essential domain information. To learn how to restore Active Directory, see the section of this chapter entitled "Restoring Active Directory."
If you're restoring Microsoft Exchange, select the Microsoft Exchange data to restore. Before the restore starts, you'll see the Restoring Microsoft Exchange dialog box. If you're restoring the Information Store, type the UNC name of the Microsoft Exchange server you want to restore, such as \\CorpMail. If you're restoring to a different server, select Erase All Existing Data. This destroys all existing data and creates a new Information Store.
Note: On the Exchange server, the Information Store and Directory services are stopped prior to running the restore. After the restore is finished, you may need to restart these services.
Use the Restore Files To selection list to choose the restore location. The options are
Original Location Restores data to the folder or files it was in when it was backed up.
Alternate Location Restores data to a folder that you designate, preserving the directory structure. After you select this option, enter the folder path to use or click Browse to select the folder path.
Single Folder Restores all files to a single folder without preserving the directory structure. After you select this option, enter the folder path to use or click Browse to select the folder path.
Specify how you want to restore files. Click Tools, and then select Options. This displays the Options dialog box with the Restore folder selected. The available options are
Do Not Replace The Files On My Computer (Recommended) Select this option if you don't want to copy over existing files.
Figure 14-8: Specify the files and folders to restore.
Figure 14-8: Specify the files and folders to restore.
Replace The File On Disk Only If The File On Disk Is Older Select this option to replace older files on disk with newer files from the backup.
Always Replace The File On My Computer Select this option to replace all files on disk with files from the backup.
In the Restore tab, click Start Restore. This displays the Confirm Restore dialog box.
If you want to set advanced restore options, click Advanced, and then set any of the following options:
Restore Security Select this option to restore security settings for files and folders on NTFS volumes.
Restore Removable Storage Database Select this option if you archived %SystemRoot%\System32\Ntmsdata and want to restore the Removable Storage configuration. Choosing this option will delete existing Removable Storage information.
Restore Junction Points, And Restore File And Folder Data Under Junction Points To The Original Location Select this option to restore network drive mappings and the actual data to mapped network drives. Choose this option only if you're trying to recover a drive on a remote system. Otherwise, clear this option to restore folder references to network drives only.
When Restoring Replicated Data Sets, Mark The Restored Data As The Primary Data For All Replicas Select this option if you're restoring replicated data and want the restored data to be published to subscribers. If you don't choose this option, the data may not be replicated because it will appear older than existing data on the subscribers.
Preserve Existing Volume Mount Points Select this option if you're restoring an entire file system (which includes the volume mount points) and want to retain the current mount points rather than those in the archive. This option is useful if you've remapped a drive and created additional volumes and want to keep the current volume mappings.
In the Confirm Restore dialog box, click OK to start the restore operation. If prompted, enter the path and name of the backup set to use. You can cancel the backup by clicking Cancel in the Operation Status and Restore Progress dialog boxes.
When the restore is completed, you can click Close to complete the process or click Report to view a backup log containing information about the restore operation.
Restoring Active Directory
When restoring system state data to a domain controller, you must choose whether you want to perform an authoritative or nonauthoritative restore. The default is nonauthoritative. In this mode, Active Directory and other replicated data is restored using the information from other domain controllers. Thus, you can safely restore a failed domain controller without overwriting the latest Active Directory information. On the other hand, if you're trying to restore Active Directory throughout the network using archived data, you must use authoritative restore. With authoritative restore, the restored data is restored on the current domain controller and then replicated to other domain controllers.
To restore Active Directory on a domain controller and enable the restored data to be replicated throughout the network, follow these steps:
Make sure the domain controller server is shut down.
Restart the domain controller server. When you see the prompt Please Select The Operating System To Start, press F8 to enter Safe Mode.
Select Directory Services Restore Mode.
When the system starts, use the Backup utility to restore the system state data and other essential files.
After restoring the data, but before restarting the server, use the Ntdsutil tool to mark objects as authoritative. Be sure to check the Active Directory data thoroughly.
Restart the server. When the system finishes startup, the Active Directory data should begin to replicate throughout the domain.
Backing Up and Restoring Data on Remote Systems
You can use the Windows 2000 Backup utility to back up data on remote systems. To do this, you must create network drives for the remote file systems before you begin the backup procedure. When backing up data on network drives, be sure to select the General option Back Up The Contents Of Mounted Drives. If you don't, only folder references are backed up and not the actual data.
You can also use Backup to restore data on Remote Systems. When you do this, you can select restore locations in My Network Places. If you're restoring to a mapped network drive instead of to a specific system, be sure to select the advanced restore option Restore Junction Points, And Restore File And Folder Data Under Junction Points To The Original Location.
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Disaster Recovery and Preparation
Backups are only one part of a comprehensive disaster recovery plan. You also need to have Emergency Repair disks and Boot disks on hand to ensure that you can recover systems in a wide variety of situations. You may also need to install the Recovery Console.
When you set out to recover a system, you should follow these steps:
Try to start the system in Safe Mode, as described in the section of this chapter entitled "Starting a System in Safe Mode."
Try to recover the system using the Emergency Repair disk (if available). See the section of this chapter entitled "Using the Emergency Repair Disk to Recover a System."
Try to recover the system using the Recovery Console. See the section of this chapter entitled "Working with the Recovery Console."
Restore the system from backup. Be sure to restore the system state data as well as any essential files.
Creating an Emergency Repair Disk
The Emergency Repair disk can often help you recover a system that won't boot. This disk stores the essential system files, partition boot sector, and startup environment for a particular system. You should create a repair disk for each computer on the network, starting with Windows 2000 servers. Normally, you'll want to update this disk when you install service packs, manipulate the boot drive, or modify the startup environment.
Tip When you completed the installation of the operating system, basic recovery information was saved in the %SystemRoot%\Repair folder on the system partition. The Repair folder contains a copy of the local Security Account Manager (SAM) data and other essential system files. It doesn't contain a backup of the Windows registry. You should create a registry backup when you create the Emergency Repair disk.
You can create an Emergency Repair disk by completing the following steps:
Start Backup. In the Welcome tab, click Emergency Repair Disk.
When prompted as shown in Figure 14-9, insert a blank 3.5-inch, 1.44-MB disk into the floppy drive.
Figure 14-9: Insert a blank disk at prompt. You can also back up the registry.
Figure 14-9: Insert a blank disk at prompt. You can also back up the registry.
If you want to back up the registry as well, select Also Backup The Registry To The Repair Directory. A backup of the Windows registry will then be made in the %SystemRoot%\Repair folder. If you need to restore the registry, you must use the Recovery Console.
Click OK. When prompted, remove the disk and label it as an emergency repair disk for the system.
Creating Setup Boot Disks
You should create boot disks for each version of Windows 2000 running on the network. For example, if you're running Windows 2000 Professional and Windows 2000 Server, you should create boot disks for both of these versions. You use the boot disks to start a system that won't boot so that you can use the Emergency Repair disk or the Recovery Console to fix the system.
Note: If all of your computers can boot from CD-ROM, you don't need the setup boot disks. Just insert the Windows 2000 CD-ROM when starting the system.
To create boot disks, follow these steps:
Insert the Windows 2000 CD into the CD-ROM drive.
Click the Start menu, and then click Run.
In the Run dialog box, type h:\bootdisk\makeboot a: where h is the CD-ROM drive letter and a is the floppy drive letter. Click OK.
You'll need four blank disks. When prompted, insert a blank 3.5-inch, 1.44-MB disk. Then press any key.
When prompted, remove the disk and label it as 1 of 4. Repeat this procedure for the remaining disks