Prime Health

Some causes of Kidney diseases

1. Delaying Micturition.
Keeping urine in the bladder for too long is not encouraged, it can lead to bladder damage. Urine left in the bladder multiplies bacteria quickly and once the urine refluxes back to the ureter and kidneys, the toxic substances can result in kidney infections, urinary tract infections, Nephritis, and Uremia.
2. Eating too much salt.
One of the functions of the kidney is elimination of excess water from the body. This requires a balance of sodium and potassium in the body to pull the water across the wall from the bloodstream into a collecting channel in the kidney. A high salt diet will alter this sodium balance, causing the kidneys to have reduced function, hence less water is removed resulting in higher blood pressure. This puts strain on the kidneys and can lead to kidney disease.
In addition, a high salt intake has been shown to increase the amount of protein in the urine which is a major risk factor for a decline in kidney function. A 5.8 grams of salt daily consumption is recommended.
3. Eating too much Meat.
Animal protein generates high amounts of acid such in the blood that can be harmful to the kidneys and cause acidosis – a condition in which kidneys cannot eliminate acid fast enough. Protein is needed for growth, upkeep and repair of all parts of the body but your diet should be well balanced with fruits and vegetables.
4. Drinking too much caffeine. Caffeine is a component of many sodas and soft drinks. It raises your blood pressure and your kidneys start suffering. So you should cut down the amount of soft you consume daily.
5. Not drinking Enough water.
Our kidneys should be hydrated properly to perform their functions well. If we don’t drink enough, the toxins can start accumulating in the blood, as there isn’t enough fluid to drain them through the kidneys. Drink more than 10 glasses of water daily. There is an easy way to check if you are drinking
enough water: look at the colour of your urine; the lighter the colour, the better.
6. Overusing Painkillers
OTP medicines, such as NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and Analgesics, can harm the kidneys, especially if it is already diseased. Avoid regular use of NSAIDs and never take more than the recommended dosage.
7. Eating Processed Foods
Processed foods are significant sources of sodium and phosphorus. Studies have shown that high phosphorus intake from processed foods in people without kidney disease may be harmful to their kidneys and bones.
8. Not Drinking Enough Water
Staying well hydrated helps your kidneys clear sodium and toxins from the body. Drinking plenty of water is also one of the best ways to avoid painful kidney stones. Take up 1.5 to 2 liters (3 to 4 pints) of water per day.
However people with kidney problems may need to restrict their fluid intake.
9. Missing Out on Sleep
A good night’s rest is extremely important to your overall well-being. Kidney function is regulated by the sleep-wake cycle which helps coordinate the kidneys’ workload over 24 hours.
10. Eating Foods High in Sugar.
High blood Sugar contributes to obesity which increases the risk of developing high blood pressure and diabetes (two of the leading causes of kidney disease). Always pay attention to the ingredients when buying packaged goods to avoid added sugar in your diet.
11. Long period of sitting.
Sitting for long periods of time has been linked to the development of kidney disease. Although researchers don’t know yet why or how sedentary time or physical activity directly impact kidney health, it is known that greater physical activity is associated with improved blood pressure and glucose metabolism, both important factors in kidney health.
Don't forget that high consumption of Alcohol as well as Heavy Smoking has also been linked with kidney disease
Health is Wealth.

Pelvic inflammatory Disease Part 2: Causes & Predisposing Factors

PID are usually due to s*xually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. It can also be transmitted from the non-s*xually transmitted infections such as bacterial vaginosis. Also the rupture of an appendix or ruptured bowel infections can cause PID. Other causes are unprotected s*x, termination of pregnancy or childbirth.

Predisposing Factors

• As a result of childbirth, abortion or miscarriage the va**nal mouth may be remain unclosed thereby exposes the reproductive organs to bacteria infection.
• The use of intrauterine device (IUD) which is a type of family planning method may increase the risk of developing PID.
• History of STDs
• An endometrial biopsy may also increase the risk of PID due to some bacterial infections during the biopsy.
• Appendicitis: infection from appendices can spread over the pelvic regions to cause PID.
• Douching: frequent washing or cleaning out the va**na with water or other mixtures of fluids predisposes one to developing PID.
• Women who have multiple s*xual partners, and s*xually active women (under 25yrs) are usually vulnerable to PID infections.

Amenorrhea : Treatment and medications

The treatment depends on the cause of the amenorrhea as well as the health status of the person. The primary amenorrhea is the late puberty so it doesn’t manage or treated. This condition will go off later. Some of the causes can be managed by drug therapies such as follows:

Dopamine agonist such as bromocriptine (Parlodel) or pergolide (Permax) is effective for treating hyperprolactinemia. It restores the normal endocrine function and ovulation
Metformin (Glucophage) to induce ovulation in women’s with polycystic o***y syndrome
In some cases, oral contraceptives may be prescribed to restore the menstrual cycle and to provide estrogen replacement to women with amenorrhea who do not wish to become pregnant. Before administering oral contraceptives, withdrawal bleeding is induced with an injection of progesterone or oral administration of 5-10 mg of medroxyprogesterone (Provera) for 10 days
Hormone replacement therapy can be used for the women who have low level of estrogen and progesterone
Some of the surgery options are preferred by the physician when in extreme cases such as

Surgery may require for some pituitary and hypothalamic tumor in some cases by radiotherapy
Women with intrauterine adhesions require dissolution of the scar tissue.
Surgical procedures required for other ge***al tract abnormalities depend on the specific clinical situation.