Database edu

2023 third term computer studies (ss1) week 1-2
Topic :communication system
Meaning of ICT
ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and
Communication Technology.
Information is referred to knowledge obtained from reading,
investigating, studying and researching. It can also be
defined as processed data.
Communication is an act of transmitting messages.
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, especially in industry.
Definition of ICT
ICT can therefore be defined as technologies that provide
access to information through telecommunication.
It is also defined as the use of a diverse set of
technological tools and resources to communicate, create,
disseminate, store and manage information.
Communication strategies in ICT
There are two types of communication strategies in ICT:
1. Synchronous communication
This is a communication strategy where all parties involved
in the communication need to be present and available at
the same time. E.g. online chat, video conferencing, etc.
2. Asynchronous communication
Asynchronous communication does not require that all
parties involved need to be present and available at the
same time. E.g. Discussion forum, Blogs e-group, etc.
Types of ICT
The following are types of ICT:
1. Broadcasting
2. Telecommunication
3. Data network
4. Information system
5. Satellite communication

Ss1 Part B
Features Common to Computing Devices

(i) Processors
Every computing device will have the electronic calculator
i.e. processor. This executes calculations from the
instructions given to them in the form of programming
code.
(ii) Programming
Programming is the basic for executing computations.
There can be two kinds of programming for computers
and that are Operating systems and Applications. An
operating system (OS) helps the people to interact with
the computing machine through pressing keys on
keyboard, clicking via mouse and many more. This is
basically a program need for running a system in
appropriate way. Applications also known as apps, are
examples of specialized programs that enable the
computer to carry out specific tasks.
(iii) Data Storage
This is another feature which all the computing devices
have. Data storage is basically storing the programs as
well as data on different memory devices used in the
computing devices today and these programs and data
which are stored can be used later for our needs. There
are different storage devices using today.
Types of General-purpose Computers
There are basically two kinds of General-purpose
computers and they are
1. Multi-user Computers
2. Dedicated Computers
1. Multi-user Computers
As the name suggests that this is a kind of computer that
can handle multi users at a time. Mainframes,
minicomputers, and supercomputers all fall into this
category.
Example of Multi-user computer is the computerized cash
registers in a large retail store, which typically connect to
a multi-user computer that records transactions and
adjusts the store’s stock list database so that all
individual registers are synchronized.
2. Dedicated Computers
Dedicated computers are the computers which can be
used by one user at a time. These computers have
replaced multi-user computers because they are simple
and have less cost. PC (Personal Computer is the most
common dedicated computer these days. A typical PC
has the other peripheral devices.