Future Medics

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This flashcards will help answer as many JAMB ✨ questions 📝 as possible.

PLANT BIOLOGY 🌱

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast using chlorophyll and sunlight.

The xylem transports water; the phloem transports food (sugar & nutrients).

Transpiration is the loss of water v***r through stomata in leaves.

Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata.

Root hairs increase surface area for water absorption.

Plants store glucose as starch, while animals store it as glycogen.

Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates for plant use.

Leguminous plants (like beans & peas) have root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Dicots have net-veined leaves; monocots have parallel-veined leaves.

Tropism is plant growth in response to stimuli:

Phototropism (light) 🌞

Geotropism (gravity) 🌍

Hydrotropism (water) 💧

Gibberellins promote stem elongation & seed germination.

Abscisic acid causes leaf fall and inhibits growth.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

Self-pollination happens within the same flower, while cross-pollination happens between different flowers.

Fertilization occurs when a male gamete (pollen) fuses with a female gamete (ovule).

Fruits develop from the o***y, while seeds develop from the ovule.

Parenchyma stores food & water; Collenchyma provides support; Sclerenchyma strengthens.

GENERAL BIOLOGY QUICK FACTS

The cerebrum controls voluntary movement & interpretation.

The medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions (e.g., heartbeat, breathing).

The liver produces bile, which emulsifies fats.

Red blood cells lack a nucleus to carry more oxygen.

The kidneys filter blood and regulate water balance.

The spleen destroys old red blood cells.

The pituitary gland is the "master gland" controlling hormones.