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INTERPRETATION OF POSITIVE PREGNANCY TEST

Taking a pregnancy test is the best idea if you are experiencing changes in your body and think you could be pregnant. Pregnancy tests look for a special hormone – human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – that only develops in a woman’s body during pregnancy.
These tests can use either your urine or blood to look for hCG. At-home pregnancy tests are inexpensive and commonly used urine tests. When used correctly, home pregnancy tests are very accurate.

What is a Pregnancy Test?
A pregnancy test is a way to determine if you’re pregnant by looking at the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your body. From the very beginning of pregnancy, your body starts to go through changes to support growth in the grouping of cells that will develop into your baby.
One thing that happens very quickly is the production of hCG. This chemical is only found in pregnant women and it starts to build up once the fertilized egg implants in the uterus (womb) — about 10 days after conception.
There are two main types of pregnancy tests. There is a pregnancy test in which urine is used as a sample which is a urine test while the other makes use of your blood and that is a blood test.
Often, you’ll take a urine test at home with a home pregnancy test kit. This type of test can be purchased over-the-counter (you don’t need a prescription from your healthcare provider) and is available in a variety of price ranges. Blood tests to check for pregnancy are done in your healthcare provider’s office (hospital, clinic, etc).

How to Take a Pregnancy Test
At-home pregnancy tests are the most common type of pregnancy test which makes use of urine. In this case, you take the test in the morning right when you get out of bed since this is when your hCG levels are at their highest.
You can either p*e directly on the test for up to 5-10 seconds (or however long the instructions say) or you can p*e in a cup and put the pregnancy stick inside for no longer than 10 seconds—whichever is more comfortable for you. When you p*e on the stick, make sure to keep the results window facing you. Pregnancy tests typically only take a couple of minutes, but it’s important to read the directions to determine how long test results take to process.
The other type of pregnancy test makes use of a blood sample that is taken by medical personnel in your healthcare provider's office. This blood test not only detects whether the pregnancy hormone is in your body but can also determine how much hormone is present.
A blood test for pregnancy might be done in special circumstances, such as for women with infertility treatments or when the healthcare provider thinks there might be a problem.
These blood tests are slightly more sensitive than urine tests because they can detect very small levels of hCG. That means they can provide a more accurate answer very early on in pregnancy — within nine to 12 days after conception. For this test, your blood sample is taken and sent to a lab for analysis. Results might take anywhere from a few hours to more than a day.

How to Interpret Positive Pregnancy Test
Traditional at-home pregnancy tests come with a single-window or two windows on the pregnancy stick. All tests will have a test line to make sure that the pregnancy stick is actually working.
For single-window tests, a positive result would show both the test line and another line to indicate that you are pregnant.
For the two-window tests, in one window a test line would appear and in the second window, a plus sign (+) will appear even if it is faint to indicate that you are pregnant.
Digital tests are however easier to read and interpret. In this case, there will be some type of countdown to indicate when the results are ready. A positive pregnancy result will say “You’re Pregnant” or it would say “Yes” in a digital test.
How Accurate are Pregnancy Tests?
Many at-home pregnancy tests say they are 99% accurate on the first day of a missed period. However, in rare cases, false positives could be recorded.
If you receive a false positive it could be that infertility drugs are messing with your hCG levels, you recently gave birth or had a miscarriage, or the test could be broken. If you get a positive result, go to your healthcare provider to have confirmed by the lab.

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LABORATORY PREMARITAL SCREENING

Finding one’s soul mate for marriage is a beautiful thing, taking the right step before the marriage proper is very important. Laboratory premarital screening is one of the necessary things to do before signing ‘for forever’ with your partner. The health status of two people going into marriage is very important than the merriment associated with the wedding party.

Health status is an all-around summary of your physical and psychological well-being. To confirm this, a laboratory screening is required and can go a long way to decide the future of the two parties involved in the marriage.

Why Do I Need a Laboratory Screening Before Marriage?
A great advantage pre-marital laboratory screening offer you is early detection. Early detection offers an opportunity for treatment early on before the marriage (FM Alswaidi, SJ O'brien 2010). This will help prevent issues after get married.
You’ll need a premarital laboratory screening to equip you and your partner with the needed information to keep yourselves safe and prepared in cases of diagnosed infections or conditions.
Another reason is that a premarital test can help couples make the right and most informed decisions in the interest of their wellbeing and that of their unborn children.

What Laboratory Premarital Test Should Couples Do?
Below is a list of laboratory tests couples should take before their wedding:
1. Blood Group & Compatibility Tests
This tops the list of laboratory tests to do before saying ‘I do’. These tests usually help couples stay informed on their respective blood groups and compatibility for blood donation in future. (AO Ogbimi et al. 1987). Blood group and compatibility tests also keep the couple in the loop of risks and factors associated with rhesus disease – a condition that causes antibodies in a pregnant woman to destroy the blood cells of her foetus.
Checking blood group compatibility would automatically have your rhesus factors checked. In cases of incompatibility, you (the woman) would be prescribed Rh Immune globulin which is to help ease off risks associated with pregnancy by ensuring the healthiness and safety of the foetus if you are already pregnant or about to.
2. Genotype Check
This is as important as the first one because it affects future offspring directly. The genotype of parents defines the genotype of offspring. Genotypes are integral players in your body’s genetic make-up and determine whether a future offspring could be a sickle cell carrier (A Kumari et al. 2018).
Given the seriousness of sickle cell disease, doctors often advise that specific genotype groupings should not pair up in marriage to avoid the risk of kid(s) with the sickle cell condition. They include AS, AC, SS, and SC genotypes.
3. STD Screening
You’ll need to have a test conducted if one or both of the partners have a record of s*xual activities before coming together. Tests need to be done on possible s*xually transmitted infections including but not limited to syphilis, gonorrhoea, herpes, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, yeast infection to mention a few. Usually, the help this pre-marriage medical test offer is early detection and treatment. Early treatment would ensure that post-wedding, both of you are safe to lead a smooth and healthy s*xual life.
4. HIV/AIDS Test
HIV and AIDS can be transferred from one person to another through unprotected s*x or use of unsterilized sharp objects such as clippers, knives, blades, etc. To stay safe, you are required to take tests. If positive, you would be required to start anti-retroviral medications.
Accordingly, infected persons would be advised and counseled rightly by doctors and professionals on how best to stay safe during s*x, and the necessaries to do in consideration of childbearing.
5. Fertility Test
Marriage entails that you bring forth your offspring for most people. To make this possible, a fertility test is required. There are some things to check for fertility. Some include PCOS (polycystic o***y syndrome), hormonal imbalance, fibroids, cervical cancer, endometriosis in women, as well as s***m counts, prostate cancer, and sterility in men.

The Bottom Line
There is a long list of tests that can be done before committing to your partner for life. Your doctor may recommend asking you a few questions and studying your medical history. To make well-informed decisions on your health status post-wedding, you should ensure you take necessary and recommended medical tests.

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