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28/10/2024

The most visited countries in the world, which ones have you visited?and what made It such a wonderful experience?

Lorraine is a meat eater. She loves a lamb curry, a rare cooked steak, and chicken nuggets when she's drunk. And Lorrine is having a debate with Kyle, who's a vegetarian. ‘Don't you know that animals feel pain?’ Kyle says. ‘They get stressed and anxious and experience fear. Doesn't that bother you?’ ‘No. Not really,’ Lorraine says, and Kyle gasps and shows Lorraine a picture of a battery farm. ‘But isn't this horrible? Isn't this evil?’ ‘I don't really care about cows, to be honest,’ Lorraine says. The debate highlights a stubborn problem in #moral #philosophy which is that no matter how many facts about the natural world you present somebody, you can never justify a moral conclusion. Or, as #philosophers like to put it, you cannot derive an ‘ought’ from an ‘is.’ The problem goes back to David #Hume who highlighted that so many moral theories will list a series of facts about the world, like ‘This causes pain,’ and then jump to a conclusion that we should therefore not do it. But a jump is not good philosophy; it's an assumption. Like Kyle and Lorraine, we can present as many facts as we want about the natural world, but we cannot conclude those are moral facts or not. You might cringe at Lorraine's lack of animal care, but you cannot say why animal misery makes it immoral. The conclusion people normally take from Hume is that moral statements, like ‘It's wrong to kill animals,’ are not facts but expressions of emotion or ways of #controlling behaviour. When we #debate right and wrong, we're not debating scientific #facts ; we're just clashing in our opinions.

16/10/2024

Lorraine is a meat eater. She loves a lamb curry, a rare cooked steak, and chicken nuggets when she's drunk. And Lorrine is having a debate with Kyle, who's a vegetarian. ‘Don't you know that animals feel pain?’ Kyle says. ‘They get stressed and anxious and experience fear. Doesn't that bother you?’ ‘No. Not really,’ Lorraine says, and Kyle gasps and shows Lorraine a picture of a battery farm. ‘But isn't this horrible? Isn't this evil?’ ‘I don't really care about cows, to be honest,’ Lorraine says. The debate highlights a stubborn problem in #moral #philosophy which is that no matter how many facts about the natural world you present somebody, you can never justify a moral conclusion. Or, as #philosophers like to put it, you cannot derive an ‘ought’ from an ‘is.’ The problem goes back to David #Hume who highlighted that so many moral theories will list a series of facts about the world, like ‘This causes pain,’ and then jump to a conclusion that we should therefore not do it. But a jump is not good philosophy; it's an assumption. Like Kyle and Lorraine, we can present as many facts as we want about the natural world, but we cannot conclude those are moral facts or not. You might cringe at Lorraine's lack of animal care, but you cannot say why animal misery makes it immoral. The conclusion people normally take from Hume is that moral statements, like ‘It's wrong to kill animals,’ are not facts but expressions of emotion or ways of #controlling behaviour. When we #debate right and wrong, we're not debating scientific #facts ; we're just clashing in our opinions.

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