The Car Circuit

This image explains the working of an oxygen (O₂) sensor in the exhaust system.
The sensor detects unburned oxygen in the exhaust gases to identify whether the engine is running lean (excess air) or rich (excess fuel).

It sends a voltage signal to the engine control unit (ECU), which adjusts fuel injection to maintain the ideal air–fuel ratio.
In a lean condition, the sensor signal is slow and irregular, while in a rich condition, the signal becomes fast and consistent.

This feedback system is essential for better engine performance, improved fuel efficiency, and reduced harmful emissions.

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