Bhashi Technology Advisor

Ransomware ....
Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that blocks access to a computer system or encrypts files, and then demands money (a ransom) to restore access.

How it works:
A user unknowingly downloads ransomware (often through email attachments, fake websites, or infected software).
The ransomware locks files or the entire system.
A message appears demanding payment (usually in cryptocurrency).
Even if the ransom is paid, there is no guarantee the data will be recovered.

Examples of ransomware:
WannaCry ransomware attack – spread worldwide and affected hospitals and businesses.
Petya ransomware – encrypted entire systems instead of just files.

How to protect yourself:
Do not open suspicious emails or links.
Keep your software updated.
Use antivirus software.
Regularly back up important data.

Personal Computers (PCs) are computers designed for use by one person at a time...

Some common examples are:
🖥️Desktop Computer – A computer kept on a desk, usually used in homes, offices, and schools.
💻Laptop – A portable computer that can be carried easily and used anywhere.
💻Notebook Computer – A smaller and lighter type of laptop.
📱Tablet Computer – A touchscreen computer that is easy to carry.
🖥️Workstation – A powerful personal computer used for tasks like graphic design, engineering, and video editing.
📱Smart phones

Software Threats to Computers...
Software threats are harmful programs or actions that can damage computer software, steal information, or disturb the normal operation of a computer system.

Examples of Software Threats

✂️Viruses – Malicious programs that attach to files and spread to other computers, damaging data.
✂️Worms – Programs that spread automatically through networks and slow down systems.
✂️Trojan Horses – Harmful programs that appear as useful software but secretly damage the system or steal data.
✂️Spyware – Software that secretly collects personal information from a computer.
✂️Ransomware – Malicious software that locks or encrypts files and demands money to unlock them.
✂️Computer Hacking – Unauthorized access to computer systems to steal or change data.

How to Prevent Software Threats

✂️Install antivirus software and keep it updated.
✂️Update the operating system and applications regularly.
✂️Do not download software from unknown or untrusted websites.
✂️Avoid opening suspicious email attachments or links.
✂️Use strong passwords and change them regularly.
✂️Backup important data regularly.

Physical Threats of ICT Devices...
Physical threats are damages or dangers that affect ICT devices such as computers, servers, and network equipment due to physical conditions or actions.
Examples of Physical Threats
Theft – Stealing computers, laptops, or other ICT equipment.
Fire – Fire accidents can destroy devices and stored data.
Water Damage – Spilling liquids or floods can damage electronic components.
Dust and Dirt – Dust can block cooling systems and damage internal parts.
Power Problems – Power cuts, power surges, or lightning can damage devices.
Physical Damage – Dropping or mishandling devices can break hardware.
How to Prevent Physical Threats
Use security locks and CCTV to prevent theft.
Install fire alarms and fire extinguishers in computer rooms.
Keep liquids away from ICT equipment.
Clean devices regularly to avoid dust buildup.
Use UPS or surge protectors to protect from power problems.
Handle devices carefully and keep them in safe places.

Main features of a computer...
✔️Speed – A computer can process data and perform calculations much faster than humans.
✔️Accuracy – It gives correct results if the instructions (programs) are correct.
Automation – Once a program is started, the computer can work automatically without human help.
✔️Storage – Computers can store a large amount of data and retrieve it whenever needed.
✔️Versatility – They can perform many types of tasks (calculations, word processing, graphics, internet browsing, etc.).
✔️Connectivity – Computers can connect with other devices and networks (like the internet) for communication and sharing information.
✔️Multitasking – They can run multiple programs at the same time (e.g., listening to music while typing a document).
✔️Diligence – Unlike humans, computers don’t get tired or bored. They can repeat tasks continuously without loss of efficiency.
✔️Programmable – Their functions depend on the software or instructions given to them.
Data Communication – Computers can send and receive data quickly across the world.