NIN2 P2M

□ Systems approach Three methods of systems approach

① Systems Engineering]
An integrative engineering process to capture and describe a project’s mission to engineer　built　environment　as a system and integrate the whole component into a totally functioning system, though systems analysis and evaluation.

② Systems Analysis
An analytical proposed system and examine what should be process to analyze a done and how requirements can be executed in the most appropriate manner, etc., to facilitate a better choice from multiple alternatives

③ Systems Management
A management process that guides a systems approach under the constraints of an organizational strategy, mission, budget, timeline, resources and other specific objectives, much part of which is carried out in the form of program and project management. Or the systems management is a broader management framework than project management.

Project Management
A project is typical system combined of each system. Systems Approach in PM provide the way of thinking and an integrative engineering and politico socio economic methodology to find clues to solve problem as a mission, the main target of a project and to systematically configure and integrate the total project as a grand system.

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=As an additional point =

□　Subjects of Project and Degree of Difficulty in Systems Modeling

　　In general, cotemporary process-oriented project management activities do not highlight the systems approach particularly, but in fact project management had been diversified from systems management, a division of the systems approach, and there has occurred renewed quest for the systems approach in recent years since there have been an increasing number of project categories that are difficult to be captured as a system.

　Figure shows comparative examples to support this claim.

A conventional engineering method that deals with tangible objects, including in a project of plant stream, is called the Hard Systems Approach (HAS), a method called the Soft Systems Approach (SSA) is proposed as an approach to deal with something intangible, as in a project of human activity stream, which is hard to be systemized.

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