Mgh Health

Brain tumors are the growth of abnormal cells in or around the brain. A brain tumor can either be benign or malignant. A tumor that arises in the brain itself is called a primary tumor and those which move to brain tissue by metastasis are called malignant. Only one-third of total brain tumors are cancerous but once they develop in the brain, they can impair brain functions if they grow large enough to compress nearby vessels, nerves, and tissues.

Bone cancers are one of the rarest cancers. Bone cancer is the term for several different cancers that grow in the bones. When cancer cells develop in a bone, it can harm normal bone tissue. The type of cell and tissue where cancer begins determines the type of bone cancer. Cancers that begin in the bone are called primary bone cancers. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Blood poisoning or sepsis is a severe infection that occurs when bacteria reach the bloodstream. Sepsis is a possibly fatal infection and prompt treatment is required. Blood poisoning occurs when bacteria causing infection in another part of your body enter the bloodstream. Such infections most commonly occur in the lungs, abdomen, and urinary tract. Sepsis happens more often in people who are hospitalized, where the risk of infection is already higher. The presence of bacteria in the blood is referred to as bacteremia or septicemia.

Bladder cancer starts when cells that make up the urinary bladder start to grow out of control. More than 90 percent of bladder cancers start in the cells that make up the innermost lining of the bladder wall. The urinary bladder and other parts of the urinary tract are lined by urothelial cells. The uncontrolled production of urothelial cells leads to cancer in the bladder. Bladder cancer can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, intravesical chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Arthritis is the tenderness of one or more joints. Arthritis leads to joint stiffness and pain that can worsen in advanced conditions. osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common types of arthritis. Both types of arthritis damage the joints in different ways. Treatments vary depending on the type of arthritis. The main goals of arthritis treatments are to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Allergy is the response of the body's immune system to foreign allergens that typically are not harmful to the body. They can include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander. The symptoms of allergies vary according to the allergens. The symptoms can vary from mild rashes and itchiness to life-threatening conditions. The best way to avoid allergies is to stay away from whatever triggers the reaction. If that’s not possible, there are treatment options available.