Infertility or Health problems

My memories
Birth defect....One or both kidneys not developed
Know about Renal agenesis
Posted on 3rd June 2013
Most people are born with two kidneys. Renal agenesis (or kidney agenesis) means one or both kidneys do not develop while a baby is growing in the womb.
Renal agenesis may be picked up before birth on the 20 week antenatal ultrasound scan, or soon after birth. It may also be picked up in an older child who has some symptoms.
If one kidney has not developed, this is called unilateral renal agenesis. Many children and adults live with one kidney with no serious problems. They may need to go to follow-up appointments to check for any possible long-term effects.
If both kidneys have not developed, this is called bilateral renal agenesis. If this is suspected your antenatal scan, you will need to go back to the hospital for more scans to confirm the problem. Sadly, babies with no kidneys are unable to survive.
Renal agenesis happens in the womb when one or both kidneys do not develop. It is estimated that one baby in a thousand is born with only one kidney. However, it is very rare that both kidneys do not develop.
It is not always possible to know why renal agenesis happens. In the majority of cases, it is not caused by anything that the mother does during her pregnancy, and it is unlikely that a future pregnancy will result in renal agenesis or other problems with the kidneys.
Occasionally a specific cause is found.
My advice
1... We don't know how the child is growing in mother's womb.
2... We will know after the child's birth that his kidney is not functioning with various tests
3.. Renal agenesis occurs when one or both kidneys completely fail to form. This usually occurs at approximately 4 to 6 weeks into pregnancy and is due to failure in the earliest steps of kidney development.
4.... Unilateral renal agenesis means that a baby develops only one kidney. Found in roughly one in 1,000 live births (higher in twins), this condition is not fatal and often causes no additional symptoms. When a baby has just one kidney, the organ grows larger to compensate and perform the functions of both....In the past, many people born with only one kidney (unilateral renal agenesis) lived their lives unaware they did not have two kidneys.
5... Bilateral renal agenesis, also known as Potter syndrome, means that both kidneys are missing. This occurs in about one in every 3,000 to 4,500 live births and is more common in boys. When neither kidney develops, it causes a lack of amniotic fluid, which is usually the reason for diagnosis as the low fluid levels are visible during a routine prenatal ultrasound.
6.... Babies with no kidneys are unable to survive without treatment and the available treatments are still experimental. With no kidneys, the baby doesn't produce urine, leading to low amniotic fluid and incomplete lung development.
7.. Couples should have positive thinking before conceiving so that most of birth defects can be avoided
8... I advise every couple to develop positive thinking before conceiving
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My memories
Birth birth ... Speech problems
Posted on 9th June 2018
Dr.Gitesh sent this photo stating that. .......Good evening sir
Birth defect .
Renuka Behera 13 years old : Unable to talk & hear , naturally .
She can't talk loudelly , speak slow with clear voice , and slow sound can't absorbed .
She can write and read with beautiful handwriting as she is .
When you were younger and first began talking, you may have lisped, stuttered, or had a hard time pronouncing words. Maybe you were told that it was "cute," or not to worry because you would soon grow out of it. But if you're in your teens and still stuttering, you may not feel like it's so endearing.
You're not alone. More than 3 million Americans have the speech disorder known as stuttering (or stammering, as it's known in Britain). It's one of several conditions that can affect a person's ability to speak clearly.
Some Common Speech and Language Disorders
Stuttering is a problem that interferes with fluent (flowing and easy) speech. A person who stutters may repeat the first part of a word (as in wa-wa-wa-water) or hold a single sound for a long time (as in caaaaaaake). Some people who stutter have trouble getting sounds out altogether. Stuttering is complex, and it can affect speech in many different ways.
Articulation disorders involve a wide range of errors people can make when talking. Substituting a "w" for an "r" ("wabbit" for "rabbit"), omitting sounds ("cool" for "school"), or adding sounds to words ("pinanio" for "piano") are examples of articulation errors. Lispingrefers to specific substitution involving the letters "s" and "z." A person who lisps replaces those sounds with "th" ("simple" sounds like "thimple").
Cluttering is another problem that makes a person's speech difficult to understand. Like stuttering, cluttering affects the fluency, or flow, of a person's speech. The difference is that stuttering is a speech disorder, while cluttering is a language disorder. People who stutter have trouble getting out what they want to say; those who clutter say what they're thinking, but it becomes disorganized as they're speaking. So, someone who clutters may speak in bursts or pause in unexpected places. The rhythm of cluttered speech may sound jerky, rather than smooth, and the speaker is often unaware of the problem.
Apraxia (also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia) is an oral-motor speech disorder. People with this problem have difficulty moving the muscles and structures needed to form speech sounds into words.
My advise
1... Speech is one of the main ways in which people communicate their thoughts, feelings, and ideas with others. The act of speaking requires the precise coordination of multiple body parts, including the head, neck, chest, and abdomen.
2... Speech disorders affect a person's ability to form the sounds that allow them to communicate with other people. They are not the same as language disorders.
3... Speech disorders prevent people from forming correct speech sounds, while language disorders affect a person's ability to learn words or understand what others say to them.
4... However, both speech and language disorders can make it more difficult for a person to express their thoughts and feelings to others.
5... Stuttering refers to a speech disorder that interrupts the flow of speech. People who stutter can experience the following types of disruption:
a....Repetitions occur when people involuntarily repeat sounds, vowels, or words.
b... Blocks happen when people know what they want to say but have difficulty making the necessary speech sounds. Blocks may cause someone to feel as though their words are stuck.
c... Prolongations refer to the stretching or drawing out of particular sounds or words.
6.. The main cause of speech disorder is that the vocal chord didn't open before birth. To open all cells needs sufficient oxygen which mother has to supply before birth.
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