The Civil Engineer

Under the transactional business model, the supply team on a project has its relationship defined by the transaction – the amount it is paid in exchange for the service it delivers. This, argues those behind Project 13, means that keeping down cost is the overriding factor for delivery rather than what is best for a project’s lifetime and outcomes. It is argued that if a supply chain works as an enterprise – everyone collectively working together as one business towards the project outcomes – the project will be more efficient, more innovative and more productive.

Project 13 - a better approach to delivering high performance infrastructure A better approach to delivering high performance infrastructure

Engineering facts:

Engineers solve practical problems by applying mathematical and scientific knowledge.

The word engineer comes from a Latin word meaning ‘cleverness’.

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest of the Ancient Wonders of the World and the last one that remains largely intact.

The building of the Panama Canal, which links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, was one of the most difficult engineering projects ever. It is estimated that over 25000 workers lost their lives during the long and dangerous project, with most dying from disease and landslides.

As of 2010, the longest suspension bridge in the world is the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Kobe, Japan. Opened in 1998, it spans an amazing 1991 metres (6529 feet).

POINTS TO REMEMBER:
• Lapping is not allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm.
• Chair spacing maximum spacing is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1m2.
• For dowels rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.
• Chairs minimum of 12 mm diameter bars to be used.
• Longitudinal reinforcement not less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross C/S.
• Minimum bars for square column is 4 No’s and 6 No’s for circular column.
• Main bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain bars) and the distributors not less than 8 mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.
• Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.
• Dimension tolerance for cubes + 2 mm.
• Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1.50m.
• Lap slices not be used for bar larger than 36 mm.
• Water absorption of bricks should not be more than 15 %.
• PH value of the water should not be less than 6.
• Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.
• In steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT.
• In soil filling as per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for core cutting test for every 100m2.

The finite element method (FEM) is the dominant discretization technique in structural mechanics. The basic concept in the physical interpretation of the FEM is the subdivision of the mathematical model into disjoint (non-overlapping) components of simple geometry called finite elements or elements for short.

http://thestructuralengineer.blogspot.in/2013/12/introduction-to-fem.html

Introduction to FEM | Structural Engineering Knowledge Sharing