Microbiology

Gram stain

1-crystal violet
2-Iodine
3-Aceton -alcohol
4-safranin

Gram Technique

1- Fix smear
2- Cover the smear with crystal viollet
3- Wash with clean water
4- cover the smear with iodine
5- wash with water
6- decolorize with alcohol
7- wash with water
8- cover with safranin for 2 min
9- wash with water

Gram positive cocci

B- Streptococcus
Catalase negative

1- Streptococcus pyogenes
Cause bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillits , otitis , arthritis and bone infection
Diagnosis by throat swabs

2- Streptococcus agalactia
Cause neonatal septicemia and meningitis

3- Streptococcus mutans(viridans)
responsible for oral caries and subacute bacterial endocarditis following dental surgery

4- Streptococcus pneumonia
Cause bacterial pneumonia
Diagnosis by sputum or blood samples are taken

5- Enterococcus faecalis
Cause urinary tract infection and endocarditis

6 - Enterococcus faecium

Gram positive bacilli

1-Corynebacterium
Corynebacterium diphtheria

2-Colstridium
Colstridium tetani
Colstridium difficile
Colstridium perfringes
Colstridium botulinum

3-Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes

4-Bacillus
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus

Classification of bacteria
(Cellular morphology)

1-Cocci
Diplococci
Streptococci
Staphylococci

2-Bacilli
Bacillus
Streptobacillus
Coccobacillus
Diplobacilli

Classification of bacteria
(Gram Stain)
1-Gram positive bacteria. (+Ve)
2-Gram Negative bacteria. (_Ve)

Culture Media

7- TCBS
(Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose)

Media for isolation vibro cholera
وسط غذائى يستخدم لعزل البكتريا المسببه للكوليرا

8- MSA
(Mannitol salt agar)

differential media betwen
A-Staph sp
B-Staph aureus
تستخدم للتفرقه بين البكتريا التى لا تخمر المنتول والتى تخمر المنتول وتاخذ اللون الأصفر (staph aureus)

9- Mueller Hinton agar
وسط مناسب لعمل اختبار الحساسيه

10- SDA
(Sabouraud dextrose agar)
بيئه اختياريه لنمو الفطريات