BioMark Diagnostics Inc.

***Causes of Lung Cancer**

Previous Lung Cancers

Once your lung has had damage or disease, is it more susceptible to these diseases reoccurring. Survivors of lung cancer are obviously at far greater risk of developing a second cancer than those who have never experienced it at all. For example, non-small cell lung cancer survivors have a 1%-2% chance each year of having a second lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer survivors have up to 6% chance per year of the cancer returning, which is quite high.

Medulloblastoma is the most common type of brain cancer in children. These tumors are known to be aggressive—growing quickly and having the potential to metastasize to other areas of the body. Relapsed and refractory tumors are especially challenging after the standard treatments of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have failed.

A new antibody therapy for children with medulloblastoma has shown promise during a Phase I clinical trial. The antibody, which targets a protein that enables cells to multiply and spread, was well tolerated and helped to stabilize the disease, helping to preserve the patients’ quality of life.

Brain Cancer Therapy Shows Promise in Pediatric Clinical Trial A new antibody therapy for children with medulloblastoma has shown promise during a Phase I clinical trial. The antibody, which targets a protein that enables cancer cells to multiply and spread, was well tolerated and helped to stabilize the disease.

**Causes of Lung Cancer**

Pipe and cigar smoking

A different form of smoke inhalation is from pipe and cigar smoking, which can also lead to lung cancer. Although smoking a pipe or cigar is less common than smoking ci******es, as it is sometimes thought of like an old-fashioned past time, it has recently come back into fashion in some circles. However, pipe and cigar smoking can be just as dangerous as smoking ci******es, and one cigar contains around ½ an ounce of to***co. Even if you are exclusively smoking pipes and ci**rs, the risk of developing lung cancer is estimated to be 25 times greater than a non-smoker, especially if you inhale the smoke.

**Causes of Lung Cancer**

Cigarette smoking

90% of lung cancers are directly correlated with to***co use. Smoking causes cancer of the lung because it directly damages the cells that line it. When exposed to cigarette smoke, lung cells can become abnormal and eventually can become cancerous. The more you smoke, the more damage you create, and the higher the risk is of developing lung cancer. Estimates are that one out of every seven people who smoke two or more packs of ci******es per day will die of lung cancer.