ABCD

How '-ing' verbs are made:

1. y ing = ying

play = playing
fly = flying
study = studying

2. e = (drop the e) ing
If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and add ING.

dance - dancing
fake = faking
rhyme = rhyming

3. ee ing = eeing

see = seeing
flee = fleeing
agree = agreeing

4. ie = ie (drop the ie) ing
If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.

die = dying
lie = lying
tie = tying

5. c/v/c* = double final c ing
If the verb ends in a consonant vowel consonant, we double the final consonant and add ING.

run = running
put = putting
stop = stopping

6. If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant vowel consonant, we do not double the final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.

Infinitive - ING form
to happen - happening
to enter - entering
to offer - offering
to suffer - suffering

7. We do not double the final consonant when the verb ends in W, X or Y or when the final syllable is not emphasized.

Infinitive - ING form
to fix - fixing
to enjoy - enjoying
to snow - snowing

8. If the verb ends in a stressed vowel R, we double the final R and add ING.

Infinitive - ING form
refer - referring
defer - deferring

9. If the verb ends in an unstressed vowel R, we do not double the final R and add ING.

Infinitive - ING form
to offer - offering
to suffer - suffering
to whisper - whispering

The 12 Verbs Tenses:

1. Simple Past - Past form of the verb is used in this tense.
St. : Subject + V2 + Object
Eg: I ate a pizza yesterday.

2. Simple Present - Present form of the verb is used in this tense.
Structure: Subject + V + Object
Eg: I eat pizza on Sundays.

3. Simple Future - 'Will' is used With verb in this tense.
Structure: Subject + will + V + Object
Eg: I will eat pizza Tomorrow.

4. Past Continuous - 'Ing' form of the verb is used with 'was/were' to indicate Past Continuous.
Structure: Subject + was/were + (V+ing) + Object
Eg: I was eating pizza yesterday.

5. Present Continuous - 'Ing' form of the verb is used with 'is/am/are' to indicate Present Continuous.
Structure: Subject + is/am/are + (V+ing) + Object
Eg: I am eating pizza right now.

6. Future Continuous - 'Ing' form of the verb is used with 'will be' to indicate Future Continuous.
Structure: Subject + 'will be' + (V+ing) + Object
Eg: I will be eating pizza when you arrive.

7. Past Perfect - Past participle of the verb is used with 'had' in Past Perfect.
Structure: Subject + had + past participle + Object
Eg: I had eaten pizza when you arrived.

8. Present Perfect - Past participle of the verb is used with 'has/have' in Present Perfect.
Structure: Subject + has/have + past participle + Object
Eg: I have eaten all the pizza.

9. Future Perfect - Past participle of the verb is used with 'will + have' in Future Perfect.
Structure: Subject + will + have + past participle + Object
Eg: I will have eaten all the pizza by the time you arrive.

10. Past Perfect Continuous - 'Ing' form of the verb is used with 'had been' to indicate Past Perfect Continuous.
Structure: Subject + had been + (V+ing) + Object
Eg: I had been eating pizza for 2 hours when you arrived.

11. Present Perfect Continuous - 'Ing' form of the verb is used with 'has/have + been' to indicate Present Perfect Continuous.
Structure: Subject + 'has/have been' + (V+ing) + Object
Eg: I have been eating pizza since morning.

12. Future Perfect Continuous - 'Ing' form of the verb is used with 'will have been' to indicate Future Perfect Continuous.
Structure: Subject + will have been + (v+ing) + Object
Eg: I will have been eating pizza for 4 hours when you arrive.