CVIR - CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology

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Flexible Percutaneous Laser Lithotripsy for Intrahepatic Stones: A Multicenter Study in Western Patients

Flexible Percutaneous Laser Lithotripsy for Intrahepatic Stones: A Multicenter Study in Western Patients - CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology Introduction Intrahepatic lithiasis (IHL) remains a challenging condition in populations, particularly in patients with surgically altered biliary anatomy or failed endoscopic interventions. Percutaneous laser lithotripsy (PLL) under flexible cholangioscopic guidance has emerged as a minimally invas...