Exercise_As_Medicine_

🔹Introduction to Nervous System
🤔How we are able to move? Muscle Contraction? How does it happen?
To answer these question we need to know about another human body system: Nervous System.
📍The nervous system is the highly complex mechanism in our bodies that controls, stimulates, and coordinates all other body systems.
▪️As outlined in Slide 2, it can be divided anatomically into
✔the central nervous system (CNS) and which includes the brain and spinal cord;
✔the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes nerves outside the spinal cord;
✔Another part of Nervous System is the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls mostly visceral structures. The subdivisions of the ANS are the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. These operate as a check-and-balance system for each other. The sympathetic system deals with stress and stimulation and the parasympathetic system deals with conserving energy.
🔎We will provide a fairly brief introduction of the CNS and PNS as they affect muscle movement.
🔬The fundamental unit of nervous tissue is the neuron (Slide 3).
▪️Each neuron contains a cell body from which extends a single process, called an axon, and a variable number of branching processes, called dendrites. The term nerve cell is synonymous with neuron and includes all of its processes (dendrites and axons).
➡️ So here how it works (Slide 4): Cross section of spinal cord. Note the sensory neuron going into the cord, the motor neuron coming out, and the interneuron connecting the two neurons.
On slide 5 you can see the general innervation levels of major muscles. For mor detailed information stay tuned and check our Stories.
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🔹Muscle Imbalance, What is it and Why is it important?
📍Muscle imbalance is conceptualized as an impaired relationship between muscles prone to tightness or shortness and muscles prone to inhibition (Janda 1964).
➡️This neurologically mediated response is seen in specific groups of muscles prone to tightness and weakness. The pattern of neurological imbalance is based on neurodevelopment of the tonic and phasic muscle systems (Janda 1978).
🔎Tonic and Phasic System (Slides 2- 4):
The tonic system is the first used by the human body, as it is responsible for maintaining the fetal posture in newborn infants.
🔎The phasic system soon is activated as the infant learns to lift her head for visual orientation.
The fundamental differences between these two systems are the basis for Janda's functional approach to muscle imbalance.
❗In general there are various factors that according to the muscle system category may lead the muscle to tightness or weakness. You can see these causes on slides 5 and 6.
📍Now Let’s see why it is Important:
🔦We know that Muscles must be able to respond to a variety of simultaneous factors such as gravity, repetitive movement, and upright posture.
🔦On the other hand Muscles are influenced by both neurological reflexes and biomechanical demands; therefore, muscles can be considered to be a window into the function of the sensorimotor system.
📈Therefor is not surprising that researches approve, Muscle Imbalance which is appears like decrease in agonists tone while increase in antagonists is associated with Chronic Muscle Pain. And that’s one reason “Muscle Imbalance” is important for us!
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