Infection Sabi Master

Yes! We can end Tuberculosis (TB)!’
• 75 million lives have been saved since 2000 by global efforts to end TB
• 10.6 million people fell ill with TB in 2022
• 1.3 million people died of TB in 2022

• Common symptoms of TB disease include:
• • Prolonged cough
• • Chest pain
• • Weakness or fatigue
• • Weight loss
• • Fever
• • Night sweats

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Ge***al Tuberculosis
Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis bacilli and is typically secondary to tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs. The spread largely occurs through the haematogenous route. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections frequently cause the symptoms by reactivation of previously dormant tuberculous bacilli. Particularly in underdeveloped nations, female ge***al TB (FGTB) continues to be a key contributor to tubal blockage and infertility. It damages ge***al organs, which results in abnormal menstruation and infertility. FGTB is a chronic condition that manifests as mild symptoms. Almost all cases of ge***al TB include the fallopian tubes, which, together with endometrial involvement, render patients infertile. There may be asymptomatic cases. In order to save women from invasive surgery, it is vital to keep in mind the extremely rare but critical role of FGTB in the differential diagnosis of any malignancy. A thorough physical examination, careful history collection, and careful use of tests are done to arrive at a diagnosis. Hysterosalpingography has been recognised as the most accurate method for detecting FGTB and as the gold standard screening test for determining tubal infertility. Ge***al TB may be found in high-risk groups, such as those with infertility; recurrent miscarriages; ectopic pregnancies; menstrual irregularities, including menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea; adnexal mass chronic pelvic pain; family history of TB; and history of previous TB. Recently, there have been numerous improvements and modifications to FGTB management. The primary treatment for TB is a multidrug anti-TB regimen, while surgery may be necessary in more severe cases. Even after receiving multimodal therapy for TB, infertile women with ge***al TB have low conception rates and a significant risk of complications like ectopic pregnancy and loss.

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BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS(BV)

BV is a polymicrobial clinical syndrome resulting from replacement of the normal hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus sp. in the va**na with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Prevotella sp. and Mobiluncus sp.), G. va**nalis, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma, and numerous fastidious or uncultivated anaerobes.
Among women presenting for care, BV is the most prevalent cause of va**nal discharge or malodor

Risk fsctors

BV is associated with having multiple male or female partners, a new s*x partner, douching, lack of condom use, and lack of va**nal lactobacilli; women who have never been s*xually active are rarely affected . The cause of the microbial alteration
women with BV are at increased risk for the acquisition of some STDs (e.g., HIV, N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and HSV-2
BV also increases the risk for HIV transmission to male s*x partners

Clinical picture

Asymptomatic in most of the cases
Vaginl discharge which is profuse, thin,homogenous,non irritant,maladorous discharge that is adherent to the va**nal wall
Characteristic fishy amine smellis usually noticeable around the time of me**es or following s*xual in*******se