Instructor tadele shafe
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Structure Engineering Important Question
Q31. What is the unit of stress?
A31. Pascal (Pa).
Q32. What is the modulus of elasticity of steel?
A32. Approximately 2 × 10■ N/mm².
Q33. Define beam.
A33. A structural element that resists bending under loads.
Q34. What is the main ingredient of cement?
A34. Limestone.
Q35. What is the typical density of reinforced concrete?
A35. About 24 kN/m³.
Q36. What is the full form of RCC?
A36. Reinforced Cement Concrete.
Q37. What is a column?
A37. A vertical compression member in a structure.
Q38. Define Poisson’s ratio.
A38. The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.
Q39. What is the unit of moment?
A39. kNm or N·m.
Q40. What is a simply supported beam?
A40. A beam supported at both ends with no fixity.
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Tests on Cement, Sand, and Concrete – Quick
Overview
Testing of building materials ensures strength, durability, and safety. This summaryhighlights the essential tests for cement, sand, and concrete.
Cement Tests:
1.Fineness Test – Measures particle size using a 90µ sieve.
2.Consistency Test – Using Vicat apparatus to determine standard watercontent.
3.Setting Time Test – Finds initial and final setting times.
4.Soundness Test – Ensures no expansion after setting (Le Chatelier method).
5.Compressive Strength Test – Evaluates cement cube strength at 3, 7, and 28days.
Sand Tests:
1.Sieve Analysis – Determines gradation and particle size distribution.
2.Specific Gravity Test – Checks sand quality and weight.
3.Bulking Test – Determines volume change due to moisture.
4.Silt Content Test – Should be less than 8% for quality concrete.
5.Moisture Content Test – Ensures correct water-cement ratio.
Concrete Tests:
1.Slump Test – Checks workability on site.
2.Compaction Factor Test – Determines compaction capability.
3.Compressive Strength Test – Key test for concrete quality.
4.Flexural Strength Test – Checks resistance to bending.
5.Non-Destructive Tests (NDT) – Rebound Hammer & Ultrasonic PulseVelocity for in-situ strength.
Conclusion:
Material testing is the backbone of quality construction. Regular testing ensures
compliance with standards and guarantees long-lasting structures.
Civil Engineering Important Question
11. What is the difference between load bearing and framed structure?
In load bearing structures, walls carry loads; in framed structures, columns and beamscarry loads.
12. Define modular ratio.
It is the ratio of the modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete.
13. What is a cantilever beam?
A beam fixed at one end and free at the other.
14. What is segregation in concrete?
It is the separation of coarse aggregates from the concrete mix.
15. What is bleeding in concrete?
It is the appearance of water on the surface of freshly placed concrete.
16. What are the main ingredients of cement?
Lime, silica, alumina, iron oxide, and gypsum.
17. Define creep of concrete.
Creep is the gradual deformation of concrete under sustained load over time.
18. What is a shear wall?
A wall designed to resist lateral forces due to wind or earthquake.
19. What is the purpose of a tie beam?
It connects two columns or footings to reduce differential settlement.
20. What is the difference between working stress and limit statemethod?
Working stress method uses elastic theory, while limit state method uses ultimate strength concepts for design.
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