MZG Consultancy & Computer Solutions

What are Network Switches(አውታረ መረብ መቀየሪያዎች )?
የአውታረ መረብ መቀየሪያ ነው::ሁለት አውታረ መረብ ቁራጮችን እና / ወይም ሁለት አውታረ መረብ መሳሪያዎችን (ማብሪያዎችን ወይም ራውተሮችን) አንድ ላይ የሚያገናኝ የኮምፒተር አውታረመረብ አባል። ማብሪያ (ኦፕሬቲንግ ሲስተም) በ ‹OSI› ማጣቀሻ ሞዴል የውሂብ አገናኝ ንብርብር ለማስኬድ እና ለማጓጓዝ የሚረዱ በርካታ ወደቦች ያሉት እንደ አውታር ድልድይ ተደርጎ ሊወሰድ ይችላል ፡፡ በላይኛው ንጣፎች (አውታረ መረብ እና ከዚያ በላይ) ውሂብን ለማስኬድ የሚያስችል ችሎታ ያላቸው አንዳንድ መቀየሪያዎች አሉ ፡፡ እነዚያ መቀያየሪያዎች ብዙ ጊዜ ብዙ ባለብዙ ማብሪያ / ማጥፊያ ተብለው ይጠራሉ ፡፡

ተግባራት
ማንኛውም ማብሪያ ማከናወን (ሊያከናውን) የሚገባው መሠረታዊ ተግባር ከእሱ ጋር ከተገናኘ ከማንኛውም መረጃ መረጃ መቀበል እና ተገቢውን መድረሻ ብቻ መላክ ነው ፡፡ይህ ነገር መቀያየሪያዎችን ከጓዞችን ይለያል ፡፡ Hub መረጃውን ያገኛል እና በኔትወርኩ ውስጥ ላሉት ሁሉም መሳሪያዎች ያስተላልፋል ፡፡ መቀየሪያዎች የማሰብ ችሎታ ያላቸው መሣሪያዎች የሚባሉት ለዚህ ነው።

የኔትወርክ ማብሪያ / ማጥፊያ የአሁኑ የአከባቢው አውታረ መረቦች (ላን) ወሳኝ አካል ሆኗል ፡፡ ከመካከለኛ እስከ ትልልቅ መጠኖች ያላቸው ላንኮች የተገናኙ በርካታ የኔትወርክ መቀየሪያዎችን በመጠቀም ተቋቁመዋል ፡፡ SOHO (አነስተኛ ጽ / ቤት / የቤት ጽ / ቤት) (SOHO (Small Office/Home office))አውታረ መረቦች በአጠቃላይ አንድ ነጠላ ማብሪያ(Switch) ወይም አንዳንድ ጊዜ እንደ የመኖሪያ በር መግቢያ ያሉ እንደ ዲጂታል ተመዝጋቢ መስመር (ዲ.ኤስ.ኤል) እና የኬብል በይነመረብ(cable Internet) ያሉ ትናንሽ ቤቶችን / አገልግሎቶችን ለመጠቀም ብዙ በርከት ያሉ መሳሪያዎችን ይይዛሉ ፡፡ በአሁኑ ጊዜ ወደ ልዩ የአካል ብሮድባንድ ቴክኖሎጂ (ኢንተርኔት) ቴክኖሎጂ በይነገጽ (router-like components) የሚመስሉ ክፍሎችን እየተጠቀሙ ነው ፡፡ አንዳንድ ሰዎች ድምፅ በ ‹Voice over IP› (VoIP) በመጠቀም በስልክ ቴክኖሎጂ (ኢንተርኔት) የስልክ ቴክኖሎጂ ሲጠቀሙ እናያለን ፡፡

እስቲ እንመልከት ፣ አራት ኮምፒተሮች አሉ - A ፣ B ፣ C ፣ እና D ከአለው የመቀያየር አራት ወደቦች ጋር የተገናኙ ፣ ከዚያ ማንኛውም ጥንድ A እና B ን ፣ በሁለቱም አቅጣጫዎች ፣ በሌላኛው ጥንድ ፣ ሲ እና ዲ ፣ መረጃዎቻቸውን በአንድ ጊዜ ሊለዋወጡ ይችላሉ ፣ እናም እነዚህ ሁለት ግንኙነቶች እርስ በእርሱ የሚስተጓጎሉ አይደሉም ፡፡ ሙሉውን ባለ ሁለትዮሽ ሁኔታን በመጠቀም ጥንዶቹ ተደራራቢ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ (ከ B ፣ B ከ C እና የመሳሰሉት ጋር የሚገናኝ) ፡፡ በመደዳዎች ውስጥ ሲሆኑ ሁሉም በግማሽ ሁለትዮሽ ሁኔታ ሁኔታ ውስጥ በመሮጥ አንድ አይነት የመተላለፊያ ይዘት ማጋራት አለባቸው ፣ ይህም ግጭቶችን ያስከትላል ፣ ይህም አላስፈላጊ የፓኬት ማስተላለፎችን ያስከትላል ፡፡

ንብርብር 2 ተግባራዊነት(Layer 2 Functionality)
ማከማቻ እና ማስተላለፍ(Store and Forward)- ማብሪያ / ማጥፊያ / ማስተላለፊያው እያንዳንዱን ፓኬት ከማሽከርከርዎ በፊት ያከማቻል እና ያረጋግጣል ፡፡
ቁረጥ(Cut through)- ማብሪያ / ማጥፊያ / ማስተላለፊያው ከማስተላለፉ በፊት የፓኬጅ ራስጌ ክፍሉን ከማስተላለፉ በፊት ያረጋግጣል ፡፡ ፓኬጁ ሲገባ የወጪ ወደብ ላይ ከተጠመደ ከወደፊቱ እና ከማስተላለፊያው ሂደት ጋር መጣበቅ ሊኖርባቸው ይችላል ፡፡
ቁራጭ ነፃ(Fragment free): - ሁለቱንም የመቁረጣቸውን እና የማከማቸት ጥቅማጥቅሞችን ለማስቀጠል የሚሞክር ዘዴ ነው። የአድራሻ ዝርዝሮች የአድራሻ ዝርዝሮች የተቀመጡበት የተከፈለባቸው የመጀመሪያዎቹ የ 64 እሽቶች የፓኬጅ የመጀመሪያዎቹን ያረጋግጣሉ። የዚህም ምክንያት; ግጭቶች በፓኬት ክፈፉ የመጀመሪያዎቹ 64 ባይት ውስጥ መወሰን አለባቸው ፣ ስለሆነም የተሳሳቱ የፓኬት ክፈፎች አይስተካከሉም ፡፡
ተጣጣፊ መቀያየር(Adaptive switching)- ይህ ዘዴ በትራፊክ ሁኔታ ላይ በመመስረት ከላይ ከተዘረዘሩት ሦስት ዘዴዎች ውስጥ አንዱን በራስ-ሰር ይመርጣል ፡፡

ባጠቃላይ የአውታረ መረብ መቀየሪያዎች ትግባራትና አላማ ይህን ይመስላል፥፥

Thing to Consider Before Buying Your Computer

now a day's our life is really attached to information Technology, and money people now a day's use computer for money reason, even in our country means in Ethiopia time to time the No of people using or having a computer are tremendously increasing so When entering into the world of computers it can get very easy to get confused and loose sight of your goals and sometimes your budget, the increment of types of computer manufacturer and so so on. for this reasons you should consider the following things before you Owen(buy your Own PC)..Here's the top 7 things to consider;

First and for most, know what you want to use it for and set aside a realistic budget.

Your budget
The first thing that most of us are constrained to is budget so this is the first thing you should consider. We always want the best but we need to be grounded on what we can afford. So Get a budget and stick to it.

Laptop or Desktop?
The next thing you should be looking at is your requirements. Do you need a laptop or desktop? What is the machine going to be used for? Once you have done this go back to number one and see if these are compatible often they are not first time round. You either need to adjust your budget or adjust your goals to make them more compatible with each other.

then:-Now its time to look at the computer.There are many things to consider when actually buying the computer, here I will list the most important so you can choose wisely.

1. The Processor
This is the most important factor when choosing a computer nowadays and there are many factors in processor choice the main thing is that in my opinion Intel are at the moment making the best chips and their core i5 to i7 is the best interns of the reason, so go for one in this family and you will be ok.

2. RAM (Computer Memory)
Essentially, the more rams you have, the more browsers and applications you can open. 4Gb is the most basic nowadays. 8GB is the sweet spot for most people. If you are a gamer, photo or video editor, or planning to do CAD/CAM work, you need at least 16GB of Ram. Make sure you get windows 10 64bit as your operating system.

3. Hard Drive
This is the next piece you should tackle. Computers today usually come with 500GB and 1TB of space in the hard drive. As more people are storing their information online on cloud storage, you may want to rethink of buying a huge hard drive space.

Where to get free cloud storage;
Google provides the 1st 15GB of free & monthly fee of $1.99 for 100GB and $9.99 for 1 terabyte.
Mega provides free 50GB
pCloud provides free 10GB
MediaFire provides 10GB
Dropbox provides 2GB
4. Graphics
Now all computers come with some form of graphics built in. But my recommendation is to go with something a little better possibly from NVIDIA or AMD. They make your computer resolution better. AMD cards are good for mining while NVidia is good for Adobe programs.

5. Computer Software
Most computers comes with microsoft software. The latest is Windows 10.

6. Anti-Virus Software
The last thing to do with the actual computer is a good virus and spy ware package. Don’t be under any illusion this is possibly the most important part of protecting your computer. It will get attacked at some point be prepared when it does.

7. Your Computer Lifeline, Internet
Finally the internet, get a good internet provider broadband at least. No computer is complete without a good internet.

I hope this list is helpful in helping you make vital decisions when buying your new computer.

The laptop of tomorrow

Over the years, technology has revolutionized our world. Technology has created amazing tools and resources which makes human life easier, faster better and more fun. to be honest, at this time we see new technology in Everyday even it's hard to explain the speed of innovating new technologies it looks like sometime in a microsecond.

it is also the same In computer technology before even we know about some new technology which is created today there is something coming up tomorrow. that blows our mind off. so today we would like to share you about a new and very excited and unbelievable laptop which is created by ASUS they called it "The Laptop of Tomorrow" and it is true.

let us tell you about this laptop and you will be amazed.

which is called Asus Zenbook Pro Duo which is taking your creativity and productivity to the next level. Designed to give you the ultimate edge in workflow efficiency, the unique design features a full-width 4K ASUS ScreenPad™ Plus that works seamlessly with the main 4K UHD OLED display. It’s never been this easy to harness your full. and With an Intel i9 processor, up to 32GB RAM and an Nvidia RTX2060 GPU the latest model the Zenbook Duo Pro's spec sheet makes for some impressive reading.

The ScreenPad Plus as Asus calls it, measures 14" and comes with a 32:9 aspect ratio and 3840×1100 resolution. Asus says the IPS display offers a 178-degree angle of view. This is potentially a very useful feature for photographers, video editors and other content creators who can display the editing window on the main screen and use the secondary display for toolbars, timelines, thumbnail previews, and similar items. Image retouchers can display a zoomed-in section on the smaller display while showing the full image on the big screen.

Alternatively, to the 8-core 2.4Ghz 9th Gen Intel Core i9-9980HK processor you can choose a 6-core2.6Ghz Intel Core i7-9750H. RAM options range from 8 to 32GB. There's also an Nvidia GeForce RTX2060 GPU with 6GB of GDDR6 VRAM and up to 1TB of SSD storage.

if you want to know more about this laptop you just visit on the following Asus website:-
https://www.asus.com/Laptops/ZenBook-Pro-Duo-UX581GV/